Apple Inc. Case 2010

1. What, historically, have been Apple’s competitive advantages? Apple has had various competitive advantages since its origin until the present. Firstly, Apple’s innovation has always been its hallmark. Beginning with the first â€Å"Apple I† till the â€Å"iPad 2†, Apple products have change the development of the market many times, specially during the last decade, with the first iPod’s lunch. Although Apple’s single technologies have not been walkthroughs created by the company itself, it has developed the characteristics of these technologies and combined them in a way that had never been done before.One of Apple’s main ways to innovate is through the ease of use of its products, another of its big competitive advantages. Apple’s products are popularly considered as very intuitive and, although MP3 players already existed in 2001 or multi-touch surfaces in 2007, products like the iPod and iPhone allow the use of these techn ologies and devices in a very practical way with an almost vertical learning curve. Besides this ease-to-use, Apple has â€Å"plug & play† oriented designs: devices ready to be used with a series of peripherals without requiring prior knowledge.This has led Mac computers to be â€Å"digital hubs† of the new digital devices. Moreover, Apple has always had a proprietary design. Apple has never licensed any of its products or designs (except during Spindler’s management). This means that it has always had a wide control over its value chain, from the designs from scratch of their computers, till the software and its marketing or sales. It has a widely vertical integrated business and nowadays, it is even beginning to design its own microchips. This has led to a very unique differentiation that can be hardly found in competitors’ products.That is why one of Apple’s most typical characteristics are its products’ elegant and state-of-the-art indus trial designs and superior software (OS). All components of its products are perfectly integrated and work altogether better than separated. Apple’s design process consists of a series of activities that can be hardly copied. Finally, it is very important to highlight Apple’s brand image and the whole culture created around it. As Jobs says, Apple products are intended to be a â€Å"cultural force†.Apple delivers through its products complete solutions and experiences, different to the use of any other company’s products. Its devices are considered as iconic within their correspondent markets and the company is seen as a leader of the â€Å"digital age†. Apple has always had a solid base of loyal customers and its brand is presently one of the best known in the world. Furthermore, Steve Jobs CEO is considered as an innovation guru and has been named CEO of the decade, boosting Apple’s popularity even higher, if possible. 2. Analyze the perso nal computer industry.Are the dynamics favorable or problematic for Apple? The personal computer industry is a highly concentrated market. The four top PC vendors (Acer, Dell, HP and Lenovo) control the 55% of worldwide shipments. It is a competition intense sector given the low switching costs of the industry. Growth has been driven by a decrease of prices and expansion of capabilities, with consequently higher sales volumes, but with a relatively smaller growth in revenues. PC components are going through a standardization process and PC makers are cutting expenditures in R&D.Due to the aforementioned low switching costs and the low differentiation among vendors, the threat of substitute products is very high in the industry. However, despite the low product differentiation, vendors have built strong brands and the investments required to enter the sector are very high, for what the entrance of new competitors with similar volume and brand awareness as the present top vendors is q uite unlikely. The only open way for competitors seems to be the â€Å"white-box† market (with around 30% of sales in 2009), but these machines cover only the desktop market.Regarding the clients’ power, they have a wide range of very similar products in design, capabilities and price to choose from, for what the switching costs are very low, as mentioned. PC vendors’ customers are therefore in a strong position to push them in the desired direction. On the other hand, PC makers have also high bargaining power in their relationships with their suppliers, as PC components are widely available at very competitive prices (excluding microprocessors and operating systems).As for Apple, the sector’s dynamics involve both favorable and problematic characteristics. The still hegemonic â€Å"wintel† systems make Apple’s products a strong and very differentiated alternative. Moreover, home consumers are the biggest segment in the industry, a group tha t values design, mobility and connectivity, some features in which Apple is a leader. On the other hand, the company may have an overall minor base of potential clients willing to acquire the knowledge to operate its devices.Despite the fall in prices and increase in capabilities that the market requests, something that could seem problematic to any player in the sector, Apple is still able to charge premium prices through design and â€Å"user experience† differentiation, without requiring to push its devices capabilities over the average. All of this means that Apple can make big profits in its premium niche market, but that overall penetration might be a setback. Nevertheless, Apple is still reliant on its components’ suppliers, who â€Å"force† Apple to purchase major volumes in order to reach competitive costs.

Acts of Kindness Essay

Category: Community Description of Act: Today I went to portage Park (which is very close to my house) and I picked up garbage with my pink gloves in a trash bag around the whole Park. Reflection: Since I live close to portage Park I go there a lot and when I go there I see that there’s a lot of trash around and nobody picks it up. So I decided that the nice thing that I would do would be to pick up the trash and put in a trashcan. I know I’m not helping that much because people are going to keep putting trash on the ground but at least I know that I can help a little bit. At first it was a little weird because people started wondering why I was wear pink gloves and picking up trash but then this one older woman came up to me and thanked me for picking up trash because she didn’t like it when the park was dirty and after that I felt really good about what I was doing and I felt like what I was doing had purpose. Act of kindness #2 Category: Community Description of Act: Me and my family decided that we should do something good for the community and we decided that we should make sandwiches for homeless people around the neighborhood and give them out to soup kitchens and other places like that. Reflection: So one day my family decided that they wanted to help the homeless people around my neighborhood since we have all this food and a roof over our house to be thankful for we should help those that were in need. When I was making the sandwiches I thought what I was doing was really positive and was a good thing but then I also thought what if they don’t want to be helped or pitied what if they have too much pride? But after we went around and gave around the sandwiches to homeless people and  soup kitchens and felt like it was still was kind of a rude but people need other people to help them sometimes and we were those people. The homeless people were very thankful for the sandwiches and were happy that we did what we d id. Act of kindness #3 Category: Teachers Description of Act: After school one day I went to one of my math teacher’s class and I helped them out with organizing papers, grading quizzes, and whatever else he needed. Reflection: Sometimes the only time I help teachers of the schools because of extra credit or they give me candy but this time I went because I wanted you guys out there that knew that he had a lot of work that he had to do but little time. When he saw me come into the classroom after school use a little surprised because he didn’t ask for any help for extra credit but I told him that I was there because I just wanted to help and be nice. He thought that it was very thoughtful me to help him with his grading and organizing and I felt really happy afterwards because I did something good without needing to have credit extra credit be a motivation. Act of kindness #4 Category: Teachers Description of Act: Today I saw a teacher going up the stairs with a lot of books and I came over and helped out and grab some of the books which were very heavy and helped her put them in the classroom that they needed to be in. Reflection: Even if I wasn’t doing this project which is pretty cool project if I do say so myself I would’ve still helped her out because of the kind of person I am and it just feels really nice when you help someone out without having them ask you. I know that if I was going to stairs with heavy books I would want someone to help me out too. When I asked if she needed help she smiled which made me smile made me feel good to help her. Act of kindness #5 Category: Parent/Guardians Description of Act: Today I woke up early in the morning I went into the kitchen and started cooking some breakfast. I cooked eggs, bacon, and hash  browns. I talked a lot so everybody my house could eat some and believe me they ate some. They didn’t ask me to cook and they were surprised that I cooked. Reflection: My Mom and Dad when I was little always used to cook me breakfast with eggs and bacon and all that other good stuff but since they work more often didn’t have the time to cook for us which was sad because I love bacon in the morning. So I decided I should make breakfast for them this one time because I’m terrible at cooking so I did and I did pretty well for my first time. They loved it and they loved that didn’t have asked me they love that it was a surprise they loved that it was actually good LOL. I felt really good inside and felt really nice to see my family together eating and it made me feel like I brought the family together. Act of kindness #6 Category: Parent/Guardians Description of Act: Again I woke up early and decided I would do a nice thing and clean house and when I meant clean the house I mean clean the HOUSE. I went all around the house cleaned every corner in every dusty place until it was spotless or close enough to spotless. And no one asked me to do it. Reflection: My mom always bugs me about cleaning my room and yells at me when I don’t so I thought to myself in the morning at 7:00 AM when everybody was sleeping why don’t I just clean no one else will do it and then she would never yell at me ever again just kidding. But I know I would make her happy so that’s the main reason why did it. I clean the house so good that I think I will never have to clean the house ever again. When my parents came home and saw the house I think they fainted cried almost there were happy that I did it without them having to ask. It made me happy that they were happy. But my arm still hurts though. Act of kindness #7 Category: Classmates/Friends Description of Act: Yesterday there was a friend at my rehearsal and she was crying and I asked her why she was crying and she responded to she felt uncomfortable and didn’t want to do something. I told her that she didn’t have to do anything that she didn’t want to and that she can talk to me anytime if she has any problems with anything or if she just wants to talk  and helped her back to rehearsal. Reflection: When I saw her crying I immediately went over and asked her what was wrong because I never like it when people are crying I like it when people are happy. I know and I was crying I would want someone to comfort me as well and that the cheapo uncomfortable with something even made it worse because no one should feel uncomfortable ever. When she was crying I felt like I just needed to help her in any way I could and so I talked to her and let her know that she can talk to me anytime because of space that I am free all the time and I just like to make peo ple feel better. She said she was happy that she had me as a friend and it made me feel all good inside will Act of kindness #8 Category: Classmates/Friends Description of Act: I spent some time with my friend when they were feeling lonely and they really needed some company. So I went over to the house and we played to videogames talked about politics and the world (not really we were just worrying about the ACT). We ate some stuff and had I had a really good time. Reflection: When my friend asked me to hang out I didn’t really feel like it but I didn’t want her to feel all alone and stuff so I got my butt over to her house as fast as possible and I hung out with her. She was really glad that I came over and I was glad that I came over to because to bored people make for a really interesting and weird time. Again I felt like a really good for spending some time with my good friend and the really nice to make someone feel better. Act of kindness #9 Category: Strangers/Random Description of Act: Today I was on a bus and I have going on I saw that the person behind me was viciously looking into her purse for money and for the life of her could not find it and I saw that in my purse I had an extra card for the bus that had one more ride on it. So I decided to give it to her so she can get on the bus because she really looked like she needed to get on the bus. So I did. Reflection: I’ve never had that before like when I don’t have any money on the bus and someone’s like â€Å"Oh here I’ll give you money here you go â€Å"but the bus driver usually just let me go so that’s pretty  nice. I felt like this one time I should at least help this lady out because this bus driver does not look like the type to give free rides and I’m pretty sure she really needs to be somewhere by the way she is tearing up that purse. When I gave her the bus card I think in her point of view there was like a gleaming light behind me and a choir singing because her eyes got huge and I think she was about to kneel before me but she said â€Å"Thank you so much†. I always have extra money on me because my mom is always scared that something terrible is going to happen to me so if you ever need money look for me. I felt like a hero after I gave her the money just without the Cape. Act of Kindness #10 Category: Strangers/Random Description of Act: Today there was a woman who looked like she was lost so I went up to her and asked her if she was having any trouble finding something and she was trying to find Lakeview which is lucky for her because I know exactly where that is. So I gave her directions to Lakeview. Reflection: Sometimes I get lost a lot and I mean a lot and I know that I should know where everything is in Chicago because I’ve been here since I was born so I’m a true Chicagoan but let’s face it I am not a true Chicagoan because I’ve never really been around Chicago a lot like my whole life. But this lady is a lucky because I know exactly where Lakeview is because I’m a student there of course not because I have my phone with me with a map in it. Preposterous! So anyways I gave her the directions and she was very thankful that I was there to save the day. I knew what I did was a really good and patted myself on the back and went on to do whatever I was doing th at day which is probably nothing.

The Common European Asylum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

The Common European Asylum - Essay Example The European Union as established in the Treaty of Maastricht is an area which ensures freedom of movement. The treaty of Amsterdam (1997)further reformed the Maastricht treaty and all dealings related to free movement of persons; controls on external borders; asylum, immigration and judicial cooperation in civil matters were brought under the legal framework. The Schengen (Agreement 1985) signed by three countries Benelux, France and Germany was also included in this treaty which eliminated all border controls and guaranteed the free movement of citizens from participating countries. At the European Council summit in Tampere in 1999, the member states aimed for the establishment of a common EU policy on issues of immigration and asylum. Among one of its elements that it sought to achieve was the development of a common European asylum system. Point 14 of the Tampere European Council states the requirements of such a common system. This System should include, in the short term, a clear and workable determination of the State responsible for the examination of an asylum application, common standards for a fair and efficient asylum procedure, common minimum conditions of reception of asylum seekers, and the approximation of rules on the recognition and content of the refugee status. It should also be completed with measures on subsidiary forms of protection offering an appropriate status to any person in need of such protection. (tampere european council 15 and 16 october 1999 presidency conclusions) Directives This was also the first stage of establishing the common European asylum system wherein four directives were laid down in order to harmonize various aspects of asylum policies. The deadline for adoption of the first legally binding instruments was set for five years after entry into force of the Treaty of Amsterdam, a period which expired at the end of April 2004. 1. reception directive; regarding reception of asylum seekers 2. Dublin II regulation; regarding the country responsible for examination of asylum claim 3. qualification directive; regarding the definition and content of refugee and subsidiary protection status 4. Procedures directive; regarding procedures used to consider asylum claims. The first directive laid down in the tampere council was the reception directive. It came into force on 1st September 2003. It states the minimum standards on the reception of asylum seekers. Its objective was to provide the asylum seekers with a dignified standard of living. The reception directive defines the material conditions for the refugees once they land on the EU territory. Their accommodation, food, clothing and financial assistance is all given due care. Family reunion is also given consideration along with medical and psychological care. Finally the integration of the minor children into the education system is also prioritized. The doors of the labor market are also opened to the asylum seekers. All these material reception conditions are provided to ensure a decent standard of living for the applicants as well as their families. At the same time extra care is also to be granted to the most vulnerable applicants who have faced some forms of violence or who are disabled o r minor children and pregnant women. At the same

Anthropogenic Impact on Mangrove Ecosystems Term Paper

Anthropogenic Impact on Mangrove Ecosystems - Term Paper Example Discussion Mangroves ecosystems are established on the terrestrial marine boundary on sheltered tropical coasts and are vulnerable to both natural and anthropogenic disturbances (Ghosh, 47). Man has lived with the mangroves for a long time and having little contact and exploiting its resources in small scale. However, recent unsustainable use and exploitation of mangrove ecosystems has contributed to extinction and loss of these vital ecosystems. Moreover, direct as well as indirect anthropogenic influences play a major role in determining mangrove composition and extent of coverage globally. Mangroves are salt tolerant tree species and examples include Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa, Conocarpus erectus among others (Guo, 401). Mangrove ecosystems form habitant for various biodiversity especially invertebrate fauna such as penaeid shrimps, spiny lobster and over 200 species of fish threatened globally. Human activities cause disturbance of the mangroves . Such activities include: 1 Overexploitation or unsustainable extraction of the mangrove tress and fauna Man continues to harvest mangrove trees for fuel wood, poles, charcoal, and timber for construction purposes. Moreover, mangrove bark is used for commercial production of tannin (Alfaro, 1087). However, small scale and selective extraction of mangrove pose a little challenge on the entire ecosystem, but leads to death of individual trees. Despite being small scale, clear cutting of mangroves contributes to rapid concentration of sulfide in the soil as well as soil acidification. This negatively affects seed regeneration on cleared lands and thus the reason for declining mangrove yields. Man has harvested mangrove fisheries for several years. Some of the fish products extracted include finfish, mangrove oysters, and shellfish. However, extraction of such resources in large numbers for commercial purposes has disrupted mangrove food webs and food chains (Jess et al, 414). Conseque ntly, large-scale extraction of mangrove trees for extraction of wood products or mangrove land reclamation causes a reduction in fish yields since breeding grounds and fish nurseries get destroyed in the extraction process. In addition, man has introduced some species in mangrove ecosystems for instance, the introduction of Tilapia mossambica (Ellison, 219). The introduced species pose stiff competition for available resources in case the species naturalize and lack natural enemies or diseases that check on their population. Moreover, such species may feed on the native species thus leading to displacement and extinction of the endemic species. 2 Pollution of the mangrove ecosystem Human activities near water bodies lead to pollution of the mangrove ecosystem. For instance, oil exploration, drilling, production, transportation through oil pipelines, tanker accidents, as well as international elimination of ship’s ballasts tankers lead to oil pollution of the mangroves. The o il released into the mangrove ecosystem accumulates in the mangrove roots and thus leading to death of several invertebrates, turtles, and fish (Benson & Joseph, 238). The presence of oil in a mangrove ecosystem results in continuous release of toxic hydrocarbon materials into the water system, thus leading to water poisoning. The

Assigment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Assigment - Assignment Example The salary review team will work based on the labor laws of the country. This team will be able to evaluate whether these claims form the nurses are substantial (Snow, 2008). The roles of the salary review team would also include a consideration of nurses who require salary increase. This would be in accordance with their job description and their performance while working at the health center. The review team would also analyze the previous performance appraisals in an effort to analyze the level of performance and skills exhibited by the nurses. After the review by the team, it would define new compensation packages for all the employees. This is because different nurses have a diverse range of skills and qualifications. Therefore, increase in salaries depends on the level of each nurse. In addition, I would organize motivation and empowerment programs that would help nurses appreciate the nobility of their profession (p. 5). The program would serve as a forum for helping them realize that the value of their work in providing health care is more important than the compensation

Performance Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Performance Management - Essay Example Moreover, assessment of standards of such places can play a vital role in the identification of status of performance management system. The test identified 13 common rater errors. What are five of them? How would you use knowledge of those five to decide what is being done well and what is being done poorly in an organization’s behavioral assessment process? Some of the rate errors identified by the text are primacy, severity, leniency, attribution, contrast, and negativity errors. It is observed that all such rate errors facilitate in better carrying out of behavioral assessment process that are key to understand the status of performance in an organization. In specific, some of the rate errors help in carrying out effective decision-making processes. For instance, ratings for the entire period can be influenced by the performance in the beginning of such period through identification of primacy rate error. Secondly, actual performance of employees are not considered, and consistent rating of employees can be done by severity rate error that does the rating based on lower justification from the actual recording. On the other hand, leniency rate error is a diverse version of severity rate error that rates employees higher than allocated by their performance. In this regard, information gathered from common rate errors can play a vital r ole in assessing the performance in an organization. It is observed that managers and human resource department keeps on endeavoring to maintain and improve the quality performance in an organization, and a number of steps are taken to ensure the stability in the performance management system. In specific, on-job training and courses, on-job education, conferencing, assignments, and mentoring are some of the significant development activities that are organized for improving the effective performance in the organization. Statistics have indicated that every organization

Marketing Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Principles - Essay Example It will help the organization to develop effective future strategies in order to improve business performance. 4Ps of Marketing The 4Ps marketing mix framework will help to determine Coca Cola’s price, place, promotion and product development strategy. Product The Coca Cola Company is the leading manufacturers and distributors of soft drinks. The organization has wide range of differentiated and diverged product line. These strategies helped the organization to ensure significant competitive advantages over its competitors. Aggressive product development and continuous differentiation of products helped the organization to meet the needs and demand of target customers (Dost 14). Recently, the organization faced several legal and social issues regarding high pesticides and calories level in cold drinks. But, the organization started to introduce healthy, differentiated and calorie free soft drinks for target customers to maintain sustainability in business performance and busin ess operation. Price The Coca Cola Company implemented advanced technology in each and every business operation processes. This strategy helped the organization to reduce business operation cost. Low business operation cost helped the organization to implement competitive pricing strategy. ... Most importantly, the Coca Cola Company always motivates is distributors and suppliers to follow the organizational policies (Peterson 29). It actually helps the organization to maintain sustainability. Promotion Coca Cola Company uses different promotional mediums in order to give adverts for existing products. Print and digital media advertisings help the organization to attract children and youths. In addition to this, effective social media advertising or online promotions help the organization to target mass target audience (Carmody 143). Moreover, giving sponsor to popular sporting teams, event and campaigns helps Coca Cola Company to create effective customer awareness. General Costs of Marketing The Coca Cola Company has become the leading organization within the industry due to effective adoption and implementation of brand extension and umbrella branding strategy. Slowly and gradually, the organization is increasing its product portfolio to increase market share meet curren t market demand. It is important for the organization to market this developed product portfolio successfully in order to avoid business losses. Truly, the organization spends a significant part of its business profit in the marketing activities. For example, the organization spent almost 2.9 billion US dollars in USA for promotion purpose. On other hand, the organization spent 2.3 billion Euros in UK to create significant customer awareness. The organization managed to get successful business outcome through these promotional marketing strategies which are aggressively backed by huge marketing cost. However, the organization failed to get success through few products due to limited acceptance of these

Benjamin Franklins Autobiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Benjamin Franklins Autobiography - Essay Example He attended school for only 2 years despite his passion for reading. When he was 12 years old, he joined his brother James to become an  apprentice  at the print shop. He wrote his first  newspaper  in Boston when he was 15 years. He wrote several letters and finally announced that he was the  writer  when the letters became a hit. He ran away to Philadelphia at 17 when his brother was  furious  about his writing (The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin 1). He was amongst the  naissance  fathers of the United States.  He was an  inventor, a representative, a scientist, a  principal  writer and above all, he was a theorist.  He loved doing experiments and this  was well shown  in the experiments he did regarding  power  and lightning after experimenting on kites in an event of a lightning storm.  He also published â€Å"Poor Richard’s Almanac’’ and the Pennsylvania Gazette in 1733 (Franklin 45). In the Continental legislature, Benjamin served as the Postmaster General before becoming a  famous  abolitionist and this illustrates his active participation in politics.  Some of the  scientific  inventions that he made include the lightning stick, swimfins, Franklin Stove after inventing the Pennsylvania Fireplace in 1743 and eyeglasses and these earned him much credit. He  was associated  with the renowned phrase like Almanac like  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœa  penny saved is a penny earned†.  Following Benjamin Franklins  death  April 17,1790, a year later, there was the publication of his autobiography and  was entitled  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Memories De La Vie Privee† in  paris, March 1791.  Later on there was a  translation  of the same in the English version named ‘’The Private Life of the Late Benjamin Franklin†Ã‚  initially  written by him (Franklin 58). Benjamin Franklin was successful in his attempt to self  improvement  because he  put  so much effort in his work and  put  less time to  leisure  because he never valued leisure.  The major  declaration  to fame

M019 Regular Assignment - Understanding Retail Essay

M019 Regular Assignment - Understanding Retail - Essay Example E- Tailing companies such as Onsale, @home, Webvan and Boo.com have experience their fair share of failures and were eventually closed down (Caroll and Casey, 2004:2). This goes ahead to prove that not all e-tailing companies have been successful in business. High street retailers have been in existence for a long time and have substantial loyalty and a wide customer base in the global market (Shepherd, 2007:66). They have strong brand names that are easily recognised by the consumers and this makes it easy to sell their merchandise on their online stores. Renowned fashion lines, mobile companies, food joints have a well established online business that contributes to a considerable amount of their income. New entrants have a hard time competing with these high street companies. High street companies have a competitive advantage since they have more resources, state of the art technology and better customer loyalty. It can be noted with a lot of concern that e- tailing is a relativel y new concept in some parts of the world. However, they are slowly catching up with the spread of the internet across different parts of the world. ... In conclusion, although e-tailing has grown rapidly in some parts of the world including the UK, US and some parts of Asia, there are those that that are not aware of the concept. It entails a wide array of businesses ranging from auction sites, entertainment sites and consumer based sites. In addition to, e- tailing facilitates the electronic usage of goods and services between buyers and sellers and helps bridge the language barrier (Cuthbertson, 2012:57). Recent studies reveal that e- tailing has opened new opportunities for companies from various parts of the world. It has helped companies reach a high number of shoppers from all over the world and has been shopping to be a fast and hustle free experience. This has led to a considerable increase in revenues gained by high street companies. Retail Internalisation Nearly thirty years ago, every retailer in the global scene was a pure nationalized firm with an irrelevant share in the international market. Currently, retailer interna tionalisation is one of the most momentous trends that have accelerated immensely in the past two decades. It can be argued that retail internationalisation is much more than the opening of stores abroad as it includes a wide range of issues (Wrigley et al., 2005:440). A close look at the 200 top global retailers reveals that they operate numerous countries and have established a remarkable capacity in the global market (Hanf and Pall, 2009:2). In fact, many retail companies earn a considerable share of their revenue from foreign markets. There are various companies that have established their subsidiaries in the international market and failed miserably. This goes ahead that there is much more to retail internalisation than open stores in various parts of the world.

Next Shop Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Next Shop - Assignment Example Next takes a long term view while deciding for its actions and ensures that its suppliers adhere to the same level of commitment too (Next Corporate Responsibility Report, p.3). It would be worthwhile to understand the operations of next before we delve into how the company trains and develops its employees to adapt to the market challenges. Understanding Next's Business Currently, companies are required to operate in the most challenging environment as they need to address complex set of issues for their business, for their customers, the environment in which they operate and the suppliers that they depend upon. Next fully realizes that these aspects cannot be tackled without taking into consideration its people on the job. With average 278,000 transactions done in a day, ‘Next’ claims to have 3 million active customers with them. With turnover of ?3,441million in the year ended January 2012, Next’s operation are spread in 7 countries with 26 its own stores and 1 64 overseas franchise stores in 27 countries operating in Asia, Africa and Europe continents. To cater to the customers efficiently and in time, ‘Next’ has established warehousing and distribution division. Next depends upon its suppliers to cater to the needs of its customers; at the same time, employees form a most crucial and strong link to service its valuable customers (Next Corporate Responsibility Report, p. 5-6). Next’s special emphasis on training and development of its employees should be seen in this perspective. Approach towards its People ‘Next’ believes in attracting and retaining the right people across all levels considering them a most valuable asset for the growth of the company. The company is committed to provide a healthy environment to its employees so that they can thrive in their personal and professional development. Moreover, the company works towards providing an environment where all employees are treated fairly, supported , respected and motivated so that they could reach to their full potential. The company has developed certain policies for training and the development of the employees. The company upholds basic human rights and follows International Labour Organisation (ILO) core conventions. Employees are imparted basic training so that they understand these principles. The company is well aware that committed employees can help grow the organization by delivering excellent services to the customers (Next Corporate Responsibility Report, p.16). Code of Practice Next lists key principles that speak about its employment policies. They are: Healthy and safe working conditions; reasonable working hours; equal opportunities; proper wages and benefits; no forced labour; employment security; no child labour; proper treatment to employees; and freedom of association to employees. Next applies above principles in each of the countries that it operates in and also insists on its suppliers that they also ad here to these norms (Next Corporate Responsibility Report, p.7). Safe Working Conditions Next gives top priority to the Health and safety of its employees. Next has taken necessary measures to protect their employees from high risk areas such as ‘falls from height’, construction and maintenance activities, vehicle movements, fire and many more. Next makes it very clear in its contracts with

An overview of the history issues and laws on runaway children and teens Essay Example for Free

An overview of the history issues and laws on runaway children and teens Essay Runaway Kids When children and teens have to deal with abuse, family, depression, or any other issues for an extensive period of time without getting the help they may run away. When a kid has these problems and they are unable to get help then why would they stick around and wait for dad to come home? The process in which our government finds and helps runaway children is not up to a standard that keeps them from falling into the streets and succumbing to sex, drugs, and violence. Runaway children and teens who have been recorded for centuries. Whether it is due to controlling parents forcing their kids into arranged marriages or legally disowning them for various reasons. During the Great Depression Era, children of all ages would leave home looking for work or food to provide for their families or themselves. Ever since the government passed the child labor laws, children could not help provide for their families through a job. So their families either kicked them out or sent them out to find better fortune somewhere else. They would travel together, hopping from train to train, therefore they were called the Box Car Kids. A little later around 1945 to 1963 sterilization laws were passed which allowed institutions to sterilize individuals against their will. Runaway kids would get detained and if a guardian or parent did not pick them up then they would be sterilized. The era this occurred in was called the Eugenic Era, it spawned from the thought of making a utopian society. Drug ridden, crazy, violent, scared children were not fit to reproduce. Issues for these children usually begin at home, with abuse acting as a major component. When abuse is not noted and solved, or the child isnt removed from the environment, then the child may feel like it is their responsibility to solve this when no one else will. No kid should have to face this, when they finally realize that they can’t deal with an abusive parent, sibling, or guardian at home then they resort to fleeing the situation. Some kids are brought up in homes that have been broken for generations, ridden with drug or alcohol abusing parents. Throwaways are children that parents do not want and have kicked out of their homes. This makes things even more difficult when police finally bring the kid back home but the parent does not want them there. This causes mental issues to occur or grow in the child. These problems include diseases such as depression, anxiety, which could branch into self-harm, self-image issues, acting out, drug abuse, underage drinking, along with many other harmful activities. Teens may turn to drugs and or drink at sometimes a very young age to cope with the hardships they face at home, school, or with personal issues. Whether they turn to them before running away and being exposed to the streets or beforehand, there is a high likelihood of it. The law about runaways differs from that of abductees. This matters because of the effort put into each one, for example, amber alerts, and simply the effort put into finding the child. A private investigator says, â€Å"that since the kids just ran away and do not seem to be abducted it is a lot harder to get help from the law enforcement, or get the word out by using the Amber Alert System.† (Janis, 2) An amber alert is only put out for abductees because the state knows they are in imminent danger and that they know for a fact that they do not have time to waste in finding them. There should be an alert sent out that is almost as mainstream as an amber alert. Although they are not in the clutches of a specific person or group of people, there is an extremely high possibility of them being in the same situation soon. The NCMEC or National Center for Missing and or Exploited Children is who people are supposed to call to help find their children along with the police. The problem is that this board is not very familiar with, at least not nearly as much as the amber alert system. Another problem is that the police cannot chase these kids across state lines with no leads or jurisdiction. There are far too many missing children alerts in police headquarters for all or even half to be noticed at one time and be helped. If the child gets outside of the county to city limits past state lines, to possibly across the country that is just lessening the chance of them being found. The further away from the last place they were seen the less the state and government can or will do for them. Depending on how much effort the family puts in, the story will fade out and they could be lost for an extended period of time whether the child is attempting to be gone that long or they got hurt, legitimately lost, trapped, or killed. Children who run away usually attempt during the summer. Due to obvious reasons such as, they are not freezing, they can sleep, can travel outside with more leisure, and stay away from home for a longer amount of time. Whereas in colder temperatures these things are not available, they usually go back home in a matter of days or weeks. Most runaways return home in 48 hours to two weeks generally, warm or cold climate. If a child has run away before he or she is likely to run away again for the same reasons; if they feel trapped or pressured again by something/ someone else as they did before. On the other side of the spectrum, this is not what happens when the child runs away, the consequence of them coming back home, it is why they felt like they could not live at home anymore. Now sometimes a child will just leave home out of spite, adventure, petty reason or argument. These children will usually return home in a short amount of time, if not the same day. But for the children/young teens that leave home in fear of their own safety, or have gotten kicked out may feel the need to stay away for a longer period of time. A child may have to throw away their own innocence at such a young age and act on their own to take care of themselves, and in so being subjected to a very dangerous environment. When many runaway kids flock to large cities to hide perhaps find fortune that they lacked at home. There are far too many stories of children running to cities such as Los Angeles. There are cars waiting at mega bus stops to pick up these kids and befriend them then trap them into prostitution, drug trades, or gangs; this frightens kids even more. The streets in these places are totally different at night, and in some areas, you don’t want to be walking around in any period of the day. Being alone and young they are vulnerable to mugging, rape, abduction, etc. At night they may have to stay in an abandoned building because youth shelters will be full or not allow teens under 18 to stay there. They are a liability, they are under their parent’s jurisdiction. If kids go to these shelters then social services will get involved, and they will make them go back home. If the home is not safe then they will find temporary housing until the service gets a court order. But if t he child does not wish to do that they will hide out in abandoned places where other kids, or older homeless people, junkies, or gangs stay. One in three girls is solicited for drugs within the first 72 hours of hitting the streets. The longer they are out there the harder it is to leave. Drugs seem like a place to go for solace when living in the harshness of the streets. Kids and adults use drugs as a way to escape their problems, but in reality, the drugs only decrease their ability to survive and find a job if they are over eighteen. Once these kids get hooked on drugs such as heroin, cocaine, meth, it is hard to get out of the cycle of needing a fix. Another factor that is brought into the child’s life is prostitution. Being dragged into sex trafficking just brings up so many terrible things that happen with this such as disease and rape. â€Å"But run where when there are 30,000 teenagers who have fled their homes in New York and only 400 emergency shelter beds, 13,000 runaways in New Jersey with a safe haven for only 300, and 10,000 in Connecticut with room for just 115? Even if a runaway finds a bed in a crisis center, where does he or she go after reaching the 30 days federal limit for sanctuary in an emergency shelter?† (Gross, 1) It is a sad thing that these are ordinary numbers, that these numbers for runaway children are realistic at all. There are not enough youth shelters, for kids to be able to flee to a haven when their home isn’t safe. Children need a place of solace and safety so they do not feel the need to turn to the streets and drugs. Unfortunately, shelters have run out of space. This has occurred so drastically that some cities have had to start using hotels to house all of these kids. This is a temporary and weak plan with many holes that should not have to happen in the first place. A government should spend more money on building bigger shelters and hiring professionals to turn these children’s lives around. Instead, the state is using hotels with empty space to let children roam as they please, and spiral out of control. Really this is simply giving them an upgrade to living on the streets, it is a drug house. â€Å"The Capri Motel is one of the places child and family services house kids in care. But listen to how one teen, a girl we are calling Katrina, describes the hotel she was placed in for several months (Barghouti, 1).† â€Å"Sometimes there would be other hotel rooms open through johns and hookers and older people, I guess to drink or party (Katrina, 1).† â€Å"That you guys saw (Barghouti, 1).† â€Å"Yeah, a lot of the kids would go hang out with them and do drugs and party with them (Katrina, 1).† When children do get back home or get placed into a foster care they have a lot of catching up to do with their family and lives. If therapy didn’t cost nearly as much as it does, then maybe the country could be impacted on a really widespread level. People can make a change to alter the mindset of the government to show this growing problem. One of these countries priorities is to keep people off the streets and in jobs, but with diminishing futures, for these kids, that priority is not going to be fulfilled. Treating teenagers like children but trying them as adults need to stop. Children becoming runaways or throwaways has to be prevented and the signs are seen early so that they can get help. Having someone to listen to them and see signs of abuse, and depression; This can save a child’s life from being taken by the streets. Work Cited Blanchard, Jayne. Cast shines despite Polaroid Stories. Washington Times, The (DC). Article. 2 August. 2003. Janis, Linzie. REAL-LIFE ROMEO AND JULIET Good Morning America (ABC.) 5 Sept. 2013. Article. 12 Dec 2014. Gross, Jane. Fleeing Abuse to the Streets; Shelters Cant Keep Pace With Increase in Runaways. The New York Times. The New York Times, 17 Dec. 1997. Web. 07 Jan. 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/18/nyregion/fleeing-abuse-to-the-streets-shelters-can-t-keep-pace-with-increase-in-runaways.html?pagewanted=2. Moseley, Wendy. Teens in CFS care in Winnipeg hotels say theyve seen prostitution, drugs. National (CBS Television). Article. Sept. 9, 2011. Teen Runaways- Parenting Teens. Teen Runaways- Parenting Teens. N.p., n.d. Web. 30. Dec. 2014 http://www.teenhelp.com/parenting-teens/teen-runaways.html.

Overview of the Indus Qater Treaty

Overview of the Indus Qater Treaty CHAPTER V From time immemorial man has been emotionally attached to water. Water disputes have existed throughout the history of mankind and various mechanisms to deal with problems have been tried. So far no clear cut directions or conventions have emerged to deal with water disputes. Many organizations, including legal associations, have tried to lay down some principles. The best of these are the Helsinki Rules evolved by the International Law Association in 1966 at its 52 conference at Helsinki [1]. However at best the Helsinki Rules can serve as guidelines and in the case of the sub-continent the conditions are different because they deal with distribution of water for the purpose of irrigation which is not the case of Europe. The recent stresses and strains in the observance of the Indus Water Treaty (IWT)[2]have been alarming. India has signed several agreements with its neighbours for sharing of waters of the major rivers of the subcontinent. Currently four major treaties govern the di stribution of the waters of Ganges, Indus and Brahmaputra. These are the Indus Water Treaty (1960) between India and Pakistan, Sankosh Multipurpose Project treaty (1993) between India and Bhutan, the Ganges Water Sharing Agreement (1996) between India and Bangladesh, and the Mahakali Treaty (1996) between India and Nepal. The reluctance in the observance of the Indus Water Treaty (IWT)[3] have had many analysts believe the relation between India and Pakistan will be governed to a large extend by issues of water sharing in the years to come. The Indus River System The northern and western part of the Indian subcontinent is irrigated by the Indus River and its system of upper tributaries. The Indus then travels a length of approximately 3000 kms through Tibet, Jammu and Kashmir, POK, and Pakistan before entering the Arabian Sea. There are several distributaries that join the Indus River in its journey to the seas and the most important ones which are discussed in this chapter are Beas, Sutlej, Ravi, Chena band Jhelum rivers. The Indus Tributaries Sutlej: Sutlej is the longest of the many tributaries that join the Indus. The River Sutlej originates in Tibet and runs a course of approximately 1500 kms through the mountain ranges of Himachal Pradesh and enters Pakistan through the plains of Punjab. The Husseiniwala Headworks has been constructed downstream at the junction between of Beas and Sutlej, the closure of which on May 1, 1948 started the water crisis that encouraged the IWT. These Husseiniwals headworks supplied water to the State of Bikaner through Bikaner Canal and the state of Bahawalpurfrom the Depalpur Canal. The Bhakra Dam, which Nehru called the new temple of resurgent India,[4] is also situated on this river. Another important headwork on this Sutlej is Harike that water the Sirhind canal and Rajasthan canal. Chenab: This approximately 1000 km long river originates in Himachal Pradesh and is further augmented by Chandra and Bagha as it enters Jammu and Kashmir. After crossing the Pir Panjal range, it enters the Sialkot district in Pakistan near the town of Akhnoor. The Marala barrage has been built by Pakistan across the river in 1968 as part of its design to harness the water of the river under the provisions of the IWT. Jhelum Kishenganga (Neelum): The Kishenganga river originates in the mountains west of Dras and is further met by a number of tributaries and merges with the Jhelum River near Muzaffarabad in PoK. The Jhelum River originates in the foothills of the Pir Panjal Ranges near Verinag and then flows through the cities of Anantnag, Srinagar, Sopore and Baramulla. Some of its important tributaries are Lidar, Sindand Vishav. Ravi: This approximately 800 km long river rises in Himachal Pradesh and runs before joining Chenabin Pakistan after flowing past Lahore. The Thien Dam (Ranjit Sagar Dam) has been constructed on this river at the junction of Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir States and feeds the Upper Bari Doab Canal. Beas: This approximately 500 km long river originates near Rohtang Passin Himachal Pradesh and flows through Kulu Valley and the Siwalik Range. The Pandoh Dam is located on this and diverts water to Sutlej through the Beas-Sutlej link. The Indus Water Treaty Even prior to 1947, as the irrigation from the Indus river systems covered a number of administrative units and water available was not always sufficient to meet the combined demands, disputes used to arise from time to time between these units for their share of water at different times of the year, and for the different projects contemplated by them[5]. The partition of India in 1947 was a complex problem and one which the then rulers of India did not solve satisfactorily. The problem was further complicated by the presence of several border princely states especially that of Jammu Kashmir as well as the river systems of Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra. The Indus river system presented a very complex problem because all the rivers originated either in Jammu and Kashmir or India but the irrigated the areas of Punjab that had been allocated to Pakistan also headworks that regulated the flow of waters of these rivers were allotted to India. Apart from the Punjab Boundary Commission pr oposition that the canal-headworks system be considered as a joint venture, a suggestion discarded by both countries, no deliberations were carried out on water sharing during the process of partition. Problems arising out of water sharing issues of Indus System would later take more than 10 years to resolve. Further complicating this issue, Pakistan covertly and later overtly tried to take control of Jammu Kashmir for many reasons including that of its perceived need to have the rivers of Jammu and Kashmir under its control which creating a feeling of animosity in the minds of the Indian politicians. Both India and Pakistan agreed to a Standstill Agreement on Dec 30, 1947thereby freezing the existing water systems at the two headworks of Madhopur (on theRavi) and Ferozepur (on the Sutlej) until March, 31, 1948[6]. Arbitral Tribunal (AT) was set up under Section Nine of the Indian Independence Act which was meant to resolve any dispute which the Punjab Partition Committee was unable to resolve. The East Punjab government decided to stop the flow of water to West Punjab on 01 April 1948 when the East Punjab government did not respond favorably to the idea of talks and therefore technically there was no agreement between these two government. Incidentally the term of the AT also finished on the same day. At the invitation of East Punjab, the representatives of the two divided-Punjab States met in Simla on15 Apr 1948and signed two Standstill Agreements[7]regarding the Depalpur Canal and Central Bari Doab Canal to be in effect until15 Oct 1948. However, the West Punjab Government refused to approve the Agreement and the PM of Pakistan, called for a meeting. The Finance Minister of Pakistan along with ministers from West Pakistan visited Delhito work out an agreement[8]in the Inter-Dominion Conference held on May 1948.Indiaagreed to release of water from the headworks, but made it obvious that Pakistan could not lay claim to these waters. Mr Eugene R. Black, the President of the World Bank visited India and Pakistan in 1951 and suggested that a team of Indian, Pakistani and World Bank engineers to solve the functional aspect of water sharing without getting involved in the political issues. The two countries accepted this mediation[9]. The World Bank also asked both the sides to give out their plan for the division of the water resources which both the countries did by Oct 53. While the plans of both the country were remarkably similar on the issue of availability of water it varied considerably on the critical issues of requirement[10]. In order to resolve the dispute, the World Bank finally proposed its own plan in Feb 1954 as India and Pakistan had failed to reach a consences. The plan offered the Indus, Chenab and Jhelum rivers to Pakistan whereas the three remaining rivers were offered to India. India accepted the proposal whereasP akistan gave only a qualified acceptance to the proposal. The plan suggested by the World Bank was far closer to the Indian proposal than that of the Pakistan one and in a way consolidated Indias position. Pakistan was not satisfied with this plan and even made a threat of withdrawing from the negotiations. Eventually the plan was not fully transformed into a settlement but provided provision for future negotiations which continued for the next six years.[11] [12]In the absence of a full agreement India and Pakistan signed an Interim Agreement in June 1955. As no definite agreement could be reached, the World Bank announced in Apr 1956 that the negotiation deadline has been indefinite ly extended.[13] Under the World Bank plan, Pakistan was to construct barrages and canals to divert the Western river waters so as to compensate the loss of Eastern rivers. The final treaty was signed by the head of states of the two country in the presence of the World Bank President on 19 Sep 1960. The treaty allocated the three Eastern Rivers to India and the three Western rivers largely to Pakistan. The IWT enunciated a mechanism to exchange regularly flow-data of rivers, canals and streams. A Permanent Indus Commission (PIC) was constituted, headed by two Commissioners, one from each country. The PIC is expected to meet at least once a year alternately in India and Pakistan and submit an annual report to their respective Governments before June, 30thevery year. The IWT has seen several issues that have rocked the very foundation of the treaty. No more issue was more publicized than the aftermath of the attacks on the Indian Parliament. There was also a widespread demand within India for withdrawal from the IWT after the attack on the Indian Parliament on December 13, 2001. Apart from this some of the contentious issues have been elaborated in the succeeding paragraphs. The Tulbul Navigation Lock/Wullar Barrage Issue In order to improve navigation in the Wullar Lake , India planned to construct a barrage on the entrance of the lake so as to raise the flow of water as also increase the depth to accommodate larger vessels. This would result in the increase of the storage capacity of the lake and therefore Pakistan objected to the supposedly consummative use of water. Pakistans objection[14] [15]stems from two issues, one India needs to get consensus of the design from Pakistan and two, it cannot store waters as per IWT on the Jhelum Main anything in excess of 0.01 MAF. Pakistan also feels that any storage of water on the Jhelum is a security risk as it would provide India with the capability to control the flow of water into Pakistan which could be used in an offensive nature. Indias argument[16]is that such a construction will not reduce the amount of water flowing to Pakistan and in fact it would also be beneficial to Pakistan by regulating water flow to Mangla Dam. When the agreement was reached in 1991, the only point of contention that remained was the timing of the filling up of the lake. The Salal Hydroelectric Project This was the first major dispute successfully resolved bilaterally under IWT. The project provides waters to Pakistan in a regulated manner but involves no diversion by India. However, Pakistan successfully objected to the construction of the six anti-siltation sluice gates which resulted in decreased power generation capacity. India also agreed to reduce the heights of the spillway gates from 40 feet to 30 feet. The Ranbir and Pratap Canals The Ranbir Canal, were built by the Dogra rulers of Jammu and Kashmir and were meant to water the areas of Miran Sahib, Vijaypur and Madhopur. Under the treaty, India is allowed to take out a fixed quantity of water for these channels. Many restrictions, such as quantum and dates of withdrawal have been imposed on India by the IWT. The Kishenganga Project[17] The project involves the construction of a 103 metre dam before the crosses the Line of Control (LoC) and a channel and a 27 Km long tunnel through the North Kashmirranges to transport the water to the Wullar lake where a hydroelectric power station will be built as part of an integrated project. Pakistan objects to the Kishenganga project as it suspected that it would have an adverse impact on its envisaged 969-MW Neelum-Jhelumpower plant. This project was initially planned for 1994-1997 but lies inactive because of lack of funds. The Indian Kishenganga project is expected to lead to a shortfall of 21% loss of water flow in Neelum resulting in a 9% reduction in power for the Pakistani project.[18] The Baglihar Project The dispute over the Baglihar is technically complex. Pakistan has raised six objections relating to project configuration : free board, spillway ( ungated or gated), firm power, pondage, level of intake, inspection during plugging of low level intake, and wheather the structure is meant to be a low weir or a dam[19].One set of objections relates to the dams storage capacity, a second to the power intake tunnels, and a third to the spillways. As for the dams storage capacity, Pakistani officials call attention to the treatys allowance of only run of the river dams. Such dams are by definition non-storage dams-in other words, power is generated from normal river flow, the tapping of running not dammed water. In practice, Pakistanis concede, some storage is essential (and is explicitly authorized by the treaty): there is, after all, considerable (especially seasonal) variation in the flow of rivers, a fact that necessitates installation of sufficient storage to enable stable, efficient operation of the hydroelectric plant on a regular, year round basis. Pakistani officials maintain that the Baglihar dams design supplies India with the means, on the one hand, to economically squeeze, starve or strangulate Pakistan, or, on the other hand, to flood Pakistan, conceivably for military purposes. They argue, moreover, that the Baglihar dam has huge precedent-setting importance: for Pakistan to compromise on Baglihar, they say, would set a precedent that India could invoke whenever it liked elsewhere on the Chenab or Jhelum rivers. Dr Raymond Lafitte of the Federal Institute of Technology at Lausanne, Switzerland, was appointed by the World Bank and confirmed by India and Pakistan in May 2005 as the neutral arbitrator. Though Lafitte ruled favorably towards India on three of the four main criteria, both nations claimed victory[20].Each emphasized points of the ruling that favored their respective initial positions. Reasons for Success In spite of the various points of conflict in the IWT, the treaty can still be sited as an example of successful mediation by an international organization in dispute resolution. A unique mix of circumstances contributed to the success of the effort[21] :- The World Bank played the honest broker honestly and impartially. As both countries lacked financial resources to undertake projects independently the position of the World Bank became highly influential. The discussion was consciously restricted to engineering principles and facts and filtered out all political discourse from the issue. Despite the treatys success over the past decades, India and Pakistan have experienced numerous disputes over modifications to the flow of rivers. The increasing need to maintain a steady flow of water for survival and the recent rise in disagreement over aspects of the treaty raise the question of whether the treaty is still adequate[22]. Disagreements on construction of new reservoirs, declining ground water potential and the growing number of disputes with India[23] after a relatively uneventful period has complicated the situation for Pakistan and therefore arises the need to re-work the treaty. Indias Water Wealth, pp210. 6032. TheINDUSWATERS TREATY 1960 between THE GOVERNMENT OFINDIA, THE GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTANAND THE INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT. A River Story, Nandita Bhavnani,The Hindu,June 6, 2004 http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2004060600580800.htmdate=2004/06/06/prd=mag Department of Irrigation, Govt. of Rajasthan, http://www.rajirrigation.gov.in/4bhakhra.htm Indias Water Wealth, pp211. Ibid, pp211. Water Rationality: Mediating the Indus Waters Treaty,Undala Z. Alam, University ofDurham http://www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu/publications/related_research/Alam1998.pdf Inter-Dominion Agreement, between the GoI and GoP on the Canal Water Dispute between East and WestPunjab. Water Rationality: Mediating the Indus Waters Treaty,Undala Z. Alam, University ofDurham http://www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu/publications/related_research/Alam1998.pdf IndusWater Treaty: Case Study, Transboundary Fresh Water Dispute Database http://www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu/projects/casestudies/ TheIndusWaters Treaty: A History by TheHenryL.StimsonCenter Fostering Riparian Cooperation in International River Basins, Syed Kirmani, Guy Le Moigne World Bank Technical Paper # 335, January 1997 World Bank Historical Chronology 1950-1959 Water Disputes inSouth Asia, Farzana Noshab, Nadia Mushtaq,Strategic Studies, Summer 2001, No.3, Vol. XXI, the Institute of Strategic Studies,Islamabad InternationalRiverWaters inSouth Asia: Source of Conflict or Cooperation? http://irs.org.pk/spotlight.htm#VIII Delhi Round of Indo-Pak Talks-II Tulbul Navigation Project/Wular Barrage, Mallika Joseph http://www.ipcs.org/newKashmirLevel2.jsp?action=showViewkValue=466subCatID=nullmod=null 330-MW Kishenganga Project gets Technical Clearance,Iftikhar Gilani,KashmirTimes http://kasmirtimes.com/archive/0406/040619/news2.htm Ibid Two Neighbours and aTreaty: Bagliar Project in Hot Waters by Rajesh Sinha, Water Conflicts in India ,pp394. Resource Disputes in South Asis: Water Scarcity and the Potential for Interstate Conflicts, Emma Condon, Office of South Asia Analysis , US CIA, pp 6. The Role of Independent Third Party Arbitration in Cross Border Water Disputes by Nishesh Mehat. The China-India-Pakistan Water Crisis : Prospect for Interstate Conflict, James F Brennan. The Indus Water Treaty , Subrahmanyam Sridhar.

Hialeah | City and Cultural Analysis

Hialeah | City and Cultural Analysis Hialeah also known as The City of Progress is a vivacious, varied and multiethnic community. In this city is common to see people walking in the sideways, people paying dominoes in the back yard, regular people parking in handicap parking space, and Cubans weighing their luggage in groceries store to go to Cuba. Spanish is required to survive and superhuman reflexes are necessary to drive. However, its inhabitants are well known for being warm, hardworking and tenacious people that have shaped the community in many aspects such as culturally, economically, and socially during the past years. Windshield Survey Physical environment Hialeah is a city located in the heart of Miami Dade County. It is the sixth largest municipality in Florida, serving over 224,000 residents living in approximately 20-square miles (Hialeah, 2017). According to Google maps Hialeah has a size area of 19.7mi ² and 0.5 mi ² of that area is on water (Google Maps, 2017). It is immediately surrounded by cities like Miami Lakes, Opa -Locka, Hialeah Gardens and Miami Springs among others. Find attached the Map of the City (Interesting facts about, 2013) A trip though Hialeah can expose the economic level differences that exists within the city. The west of Hialeah is a more residential like town and its houses are more modern than those in the east because they are newer. The houses are well structured and equipped with ultimate conditions. Many of the houses are bordering rivers and canals where the view can be astonishing, thus increasing the value of the houses. As you move around the west side of the city, different vegetation can be perceived with a variety of spacious landscaping and impeccable cleanliness. The main streets that divide the north from the south are 103rd and 68th which are saturated with a great variety of stores to include groceries, clothing, home improvement material, pharmacies and many others. The main streets are also the place to go when there is a big celebration as a result of a sports victory brought home by either the Miami Marlins, Heat or Dolphins. The Hialeah people would gather and make noises wi th pans, musical instruments and car honks. On the other hand, as one cruises around the east side of the city, a huge difference can be perceived. Houses are typically smaller because they are older, even though some have spacious patios, there is lack of landscaping maintenance and the streets can be noted less clean. In addition, the shopping centers contain all types of mechanical shops and junk yards which tend to give the impression of a deserted and neglected neighborhood. There isnt a great variety of store in this area and most of the time; residents prefer to drive to other locations within the city to buy their goods. Health and social services From a medical standpoint, Hialeah is a well-equipped and prepared city that counts with adequate health and social services to meet population needs. The city has shelters for the needy population, in addition to other services like resources for the homeless and clinics. It also offers treatment centers which provide alcohol and drug rehabilitation. For instance, The Salvation Army Hialeah Support is a facility in charge of providing disaster services, emergency financial assistance, transitional housing, and emergency shelter (Army, 2017). Hialeah also houses the Safe Heaven facility which is a youth emergency shelter. Animal shelters are also available for the care protection, medical and adoption services for pets or homeless animals. There are three main hospitals in the city: Palmetto General Hospital, Hialeah Hospital, and Palm Spring Hospital which recently transitioned to Larkin Community Hospital. These hospitals cover all emergency, non-emergency problems of the population as well as maternal needs, pediatrics, surgery, acute and non-acute hospitalization. There are also many urgent care and medical centers like CAC Florida Medical and Leon Medical. This last two put more attention in the care for the growing elderly population by managing their chronic diseases. One example is Diabetes Mellitus which places the children and elderly population at risk due to the increasing rate of obesity. More than 100 Home Health Agencies can be found throughout the city. These agencies hire Nurses, both RN and LPNs, HHA, Physical and Occupational therapists, Case Managers and Social Workers. Among the services provided by these agencies is Private Duty Nursing, Home Health Aide, Home health visits for wound care, insulin administration, rehabilitation and hospitalization prevention. Among the most important agencies we can find Paradise Home Health Care and AA health services As a major aspect of the medicinal services needs of the populace, Hialeah provides traditional healer services such as Santeros and Babalawos who typically prescribe natural and herbal remedies. Santeria gives devotees spiritual comfort as any other religion and furthermore provides spiritual healing that in the end brings is said to bring physical healing. Santeria is well known for utilizing ceremonies, figurines, elixirs, supplications and in some instances animal sacrifices to obtain in return what is needed and asked for. Other practices such as acupuncture, cupping and yoga can found though it is less common. Economy Hialeah is an important commercial center in Miami Dade. With a vast amount of striving businesses such as Target, Starbucks, Best Buy, Walmart, Home Depot and local business like Navarro, Sedanos and La Carreta, the city provides employment and the economy is maintained at a balanced flow. Many businesses have changed their strategies to attract the Latin community that inhabits Hialeah. For example, Publix came up with a Latin version and now offers a variety of Latin products, Spanish information and the beloved Cuban coffee also known as the black gold. Economically speaking, Hialeah has always remained stable even during the recent economic crisis. Although some businesses took some drastic measures during the crisis such as reducing personnel, the community managed to remain strong and steady. Even though the city was full of manufacturing factories, during the 1970s and 1980s most of them closed thus leaving many people without jobs and steady incomes. However, Hialeah has always been resilient and new electronics and technology businesses moved in and started to increase the local economy by creating hundreds of new employment opportunities. The current unemployment rate for Hialeah is 5.4% (Home Facts, 2017). Besides the constant creation of new jobs, there are also new construction plans in the city that continue to offer more jobs to the population thus helping the economy furthermore. Safety and transportation All Ways Lead to Hialeah is one of the citys first slogans. Being conveniently located in the heart of northwest Dade, the city has access to every major expressway (I-75, Palmetto Expressway, Florida Turnpike, US 27 (Okeechobee Road) (Hialeah, 2017a). Since it is surrounded by Opa-Locka and Miami, it has direct access to the Miami International Airport as well as the Opa-Locka Airport. The Miami Metrorail and Tri-Rail/Metrorail Transfer stations serve Hialeah to move around the city and even the state. The city also offers its own public transportation which helps improve traffic by making it less demanding for occupants to drive. Sidewalks and bike lines are also available for those who prefer a more healthy and opened air transportation. Despite its accommodations, 73.8% of the population prefers to use a car or a truck to drive to and from work. Only 5.2% of the population uses public transportation, 2.2 % walks, 1.2% uses other means like bicycle or motorcycle vehicles and 2.7% work at home (Foutz MPO, 2008). Driving in this city can be very challenging. According to Allstate, Hialeah is ranked as the fourth city with the worst drivers, for that reason, insurance policies tend to be much higher compared to adjacent cities. (Munzenrieder, 2016). Hialeah is a full-service city, including Police, Fire, Water Sewer, and Public Works. The City has a long history of providing these services (Hialeah, 2017b). The Hialeah Fire Department (HFD) had its beginnings when the City was founded in 1925. Is rated as a class 1 fire department and it serves a population of more than 250,000 people (Hialeah, 2017b). The fire department is comprised by professionals that provide services integration between fire protection, emergency medical services, water rescue, environment protection, hazardous materials response, fire and hazard risk reduction inspection and prevention services (Hialeah, 2017b). The Hialeah police department is the 75th largest law enforcement in Florida (Hialeah, 2017c). The crime rate in Hialeah for theft and property crime is 45 in a scale 1(low)-100 (Best places, n.d.). It is a very alarming concern but the community feels save as the police department provides a secure environment by acting immediately in case of incidences by protecting the life and property of the community (Hialeah, 2017c). The water and sewer department make sure that water in potable and safe for the community and make notifications if any contamination occurred. Politics and government The City of Hialeah is the fifth largest city in the State of Florida. There is no city manager but it has a Mayor-Council type Government (Hialeah, 2017d). The Mayor is the Chief Executive Officer and is responsible for the everyday functions of the city. All departments in the division report directly to the Mayor. He is responsible for presenting annual budgets to the City Council in order for them to be approved. The Mayor is not a voting member however, he has the power to veto which can be overridden only by 5 of the 7 members of the vote Council. The city of Hialeah was incorporated in the year 1925, which is when the process of elections came into place. It has grown from one voting poll to well over 500 voters in 1925, to 50 voting precincts to almost 97,000 voters in 2013. City elections are held every two years, unlike other cities since there are no more than 4 seats of the council are subject to election at any one time. Elections are normally held in November at odd number years. Last election was held in 2015. Mayor and council meetings are held every 2nd and 4th Tuesday of each month and are open to the public. These meetings take place at The City Hall. The Mayor also has an advisory board which consists of, Veterans affairs, Planning and Zoning, Cultural Affairs, and Historic, just to name a few. These councilmen and women meet regularly and help the Mayor with his day to day decision making. What makes these board members acquainted to council the Mayor is the fact that they reside within the community and are registered voters in Hialeah. They are elected every seven years and the group consists of seven individuals who are responsible for passing legislation, which in turn helps the Mayor run the city more efficiently and help to approve the budgets for city plans. Communication City of Hialeah has many recreational centers and parks where residents can gather together. There are a variety of amenities and activities that residents of every age group can benefit from. They provide adult programs such as Zumba and art classes. For instance, Goodlet Performing Arts Center has award-winning classes, programs and lessons in theater dance and music. Hialeah has four adult centers that provide free daily lunch and activities for seniors. Also, adults with developmental disabilities can participate in citys adult therapeutic recreational centers and daily program. The newspapers that are common in the city of Hialeah are New Times Romance and La Voz de la Calle. La Voz de la Calle provides news and information of interest to Hispanic community in Greater Miami, Florida area. It covers ethnic society and culture. The city has its own TV channel called Hialeah 77. It provides residents with informative and entertaining content so they can be connected to the city of Hialeah. Also, a variety of other channels are available through Comcast cable which include all local channels and Spanish channels like Univision and Telemundo. The most common programs they enjoy watching are Marlins baseball games, Caso Cerrado and Mexican soap operas. Formal communication in Hialeah includes Code Enforcement and Code of Ordinance. Education City of Hialeah has approximately 35 public schools and more than 10 private schools. In addition, the city has a Miami Dade College, Florida National University and Everest Institute. Hialeah schools are rated among the most equitable in the nation for poor students. (Miami Herald, 2016). City of Hialeah Education Academy is ranked 31st within Florida state and Hialeah Gardens has overall grade B in academics. High school graduation rates continue to climb across Florida, Miami-Dade and Hialeah. They beat state average with 78.1 percent graduation rate because more students are earning high school diplomas than ever before. (Miami Herald, 2016). There is a variety of after school programs available for students in the City of Hialeah. They include Sports and Dance studio centers, Goodlet Tennis center, Kidz City Learning Center, CB Learning Center and After-school Center among many others. Step Ahead Youth enrichment program offers free after-school activities for high school students with special needs. Extracurricular activities such as music arts and sports are also available. Hialeah which is included in the Miami-Dade County and has only about third onsite health aids, with every three schools sharing a nurse. The Childrens Trust, which helps fund the program, says it will replace the aides with full-time nurses next year at 145 schools. The other 200 schools in the county share 14 nurses provided by the health department (Sun Sentinel, 2016). The School Board of Miami-Dade County conducts much of its business through School Board Committees. Committee Meeting Announcements are posted 5 working days prior to the meeting. Each committee is shown with its constituent board members and deputy superintendents (DadeSchools.net). The Department of Education and Community Services of the City of Hialeah promotes lifelong learning, an informed citizenry, literacy, an enhanced quality of life and broadened horizons for all residents of Hialeah through libraries, adult centers, after-school programs, summer and holiday camps, and special Population Center for adults with disabilities. Residents have access to library systems which is composed of one Main library and five branches. Hialeah Public Libraries serve the 225,000 residents of Hialeah, a diverse and vibrant city and the second largest in Miami-Dade County. Hialeah Libraries has a strong community focus, a variety of innovative programming, a broad array of relevant materials in multiple formats and networked computers that provide internet access in all six branch facilities (City of Hialeah, 2017). The major education issues community is facing are the budget, new standards and testing, expanding school choices and school safety. Resources The City of Hialeah has 23 beautiful parks with hundreds of acres of green space and recreational facilities. Among the diverse places to go, the most popular include Amelia Earhart Park and the Hialeah Race Track Park and Casino. Residents can use a variety of amenities designed for every age group and activity. The city maintains seven water parks, one aquatic center, and seven community pools. For younger the generation a variety of programs are provided which include baseball, basketball, cheerleading, flag football, soccer, tennis, and volleyball. The city offers a wide range of free cultural activities, programs and events that appeal to the different backgrounds for its residents. Community: Strengths and Weakness Strengths: Hialeah is a full-service city, including Police, Fire, Water Sewer, and Public Works. It is a community with recreational and educational programs available for residents at a low cost or free. For example: residents have access to the library systems, after- school and camp programs. The city is a multicultural place giving its residents the opportunity to be part of various Cultural activities and learn about different backgrounds, beliefs and costumes to better understand and accept one another. Hialeah is and will always be known as The City of Progress because of its resilient and constantly evolving economy that allows for various employment opportunities. One of the city most important and nationally well-known historic places is the Hialeah Race Track Park and Casino, built in 1925 which has always been vital because it creates a variety of job positions. Hialeah is a family-centered community that houses many different cultural and heritage traditions that can be witnessed among the different nationalities that co-exist. Allows residents to feel secure to walk around the neighborhoods. Great ethnicity diversity. Apartments and Houses are more affordable compared to other areas of Miami. Stability of house ownership is high and properties are passed down to the next generations. Responsiveness of Local Officers is fast and accurate most of the times. Neighbors have intricate relationships and tend to help each others. Weaknesses: Hialeah traffic can be a major problem and challenge for residents and visitors. Children obesitys incidence continues to increase. Unkempt properties mainly on the east side Rental properties: Inadequate screening and Lack of Maintenance Plan: Addressing Community Weaknesses For many chronic conditions, ethnic or racial factors function as risk markers rather than risk factors. Risk markers as we know are factors that help to identify persons who may have an elevated risk of developing a specific condition but that do not themselves contribute to its development (Clark, 2008). According to the division of adult and community Health, for many chronic diseases, race and ethnicity are probably markers for differences in health behaviors, access to health care, and other factors that contribute to the development of disease (Clark, 2008). The Hispanic population leaving in Hialeah Florida is a great example of this fact. Those living in this population are at greater risk of developing diabetes mellitus and hypertension among other chronic diseases not because they are Hispanics but because of a combination of factors that is common to all or most of them (i.e. culture, type of food consumed, social economic status, access to health etc.) that puts the popul ation as whole at a greater risk for developing those diseases. However, this report will focus on the impact of diabetes mellitus on this population by considering the different components that community nurses must consider when caring for this population. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness that requires a lifetime of special self-management behaviors. It presents its own challenges for the community health nurses to manage. Based on assessment data, major nursing diagnoses in this community may include the following: Knowledge deficit related to disease process as evidenced by patient not using medical consumption therapy as prescribed (MNT). Risk for fluid volume deficit related to polyuria and dehydration. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance related to fluid loss or shifts. Deficient knowledge about diabetes self-care skills or information. Anxiety related to loss of control, fear of inability to manage diabetes, misinformation related to diabetes, fear of diabetes complication. (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle Cheever, 2010) The major goals for these patients may include: Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, Optimal control of blood glucose levels, Ability to perform diabetes survival skills and self-care activities, and Absence of complications. Nursing interventions may include: Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance by controlling intake and output, administering IV fluids as prescribed, encouraging oral fluid intake when permitted. Increase knowledge about diabetes management first by assessing the patients understanding and adherence to the diabetes management plan and teach as needed. Monitoring and managing potential complications such as fluid overload due to administration of large volume of fluid at a rapid rate. Teaching patient self-care. The patient is taught survival skills, including treatment modalities such as diet, insulin administration, monitoring of blood glucose, and for for type I diabetes, monitoring of urine ketones. Follow up education is arranged with a home care nurse and dietitian or an outpatient diabetes education center. The importance of self-monitoring and of monitoring and follow-up primary health care providers is reinforced by the nurse, and the patient is reminded about the importance of keeping follow-up appointments. (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle Cheever, 2010). Nursing Evaluation Expected outcomes may include the following: Patient achieves fluid and electrolyte balance by demonstrating intake and output balance, exhibits electrolyte values within normal limits, and exhibits vital signs that remain stable with resolution of orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia. Patient demonstrates knowledge about diabetes management by identifying factors leading to hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia and by identifying factors to prevent the development of these complications. Patient exhibit normal cardiac rate and rhythm and normal breath sounds; patient exhibits no jugular vein distention, exhibits blood glucose and urine ketone levels within target range. (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle Cheever, 2010) Conclusion Hialeah The City of Progress owes its name to its residents that never cease to seek improvement of their quality of life. From small businesses to big corporations, the city allows for its residents to have jobs and continue to grow within the community. Being able to speak Spanish can be a great asset if planning to live in Hialeah, however residents have adapted to have the younger bilingual generation to make all translations for them. Driving around the city can be somewhat challenging but it can also be due to the fact that it is overpopulated and that most people are employed and need to get to and from work at around the same time. Despite its weaknesses and sometimes unkempt appearance, Hialeah is a city with a great potential and has a community full of hope and goals. A community of Hispanic immigrants that have gone through the roughest of times by leaving their native countries, separating from immediate family and having to build a life from scratch at 40 years of age. Their heritage and cultural backgrounds have been embedded in the Hialeah we now see and the result is astonishing because they have managed to create a little piece of their country within the US. Attachments: City of Hialieah map (Interesting facts about, 2013) References Army, T. S. (2017). The salvation army about the salvation army. Retrieved January 21, 2017, from http://www.salvationarmyusa.org/usn/about Best places. Hialeah, Florida crime. Retrieved January 22, 2017, from http://www.bestplaces.net/crime/city/florida/hialeah Clark, M. (2008). Community health nursing. (fifth ed.). Prentice Hall. DOI:  www.prenhall.com/clark Foutz, L., MPO. (2008). Hialeah transit system express bus route and enhanced service Hialeah transit system. Retrieved from http://miamidadempo.org/library/studies/hialeah-transit-system-express-bus-route-enhanced-service-final-draft-2008-03.pdf Government and Politics History retrieved from: http://www.hialeahfl.gov/ http://www.hialeahfl.gov/index.php?lang=en www.hialeahfl.gov/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid Google Maps. (2017). Hialeah size area. Retrieved January 22, 2017, from https://www.google.com/search?q=hialeah+size+areaoq=hiaaqs=chrome.0.69i59l3j69i57j69i60l2.1726j0j7sourceid=chromeie=UTF-8 Hialeah, C. (2017a). City of Hialeah, Florida Transportation. Retrieved January 21, 2017, from http://www.hialeahfl.gov/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=6Itemid=385lang=en Hialeah, C. (2017b). City of Hialeah, Florida Fire. Retrieved January 22, 2017, from http://www.hialeahfl.gov/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=57Itemid=274lang=en Hialeah, C. (2017c). City of Hialeah, Florida Police department. Retrieved January 22, 2017, from http://www.hialeahfl.gov/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=119Itemid=387lang=en Hialeah, C. (2017d). City of Hialeah, Florida your government. Retrieved January 29, 2017, from http://www.hialeahfl.gov/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=14Itemid=386lang=en Home Facts. (2017). Hialeah, FL unemployment. Retrieved January 22, 2017, from http://www.homefacts.com/unemployment/Florida/Miami-Dade-County/Hialeah.html Interesting facts about Hialeah, Florida. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.bestplaces.net/city/florida/hialeah Munzenrieder, K. (2016, May 24). Allstate claims Hialeah has Americas 4th worst drivers, Miami 8th. Retrieved January 22, 2017, from News, http://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/allstate-claims-hialeah-has-americas-4th-worst-drivers-miami-8th-6549947 Smeltzer, S., Bare, B., Hinkle, J., Cheever, K. (2010).Medical-surgical nursing. (twelfth ed.).  New York: The Point. Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Community History. Retrieved from www.fergursoncity.com/DocumentView.a Veiga, C. (2016, March 31). Hialeah, Miami Schools Rated Among Most Equitable in the Nation for Poor Students. Miami Herald. Welcome to Miami-Dade County Public Schools. (2016, December7). Retrieved January 29, 2017, from http://dadeschools.net/ YI, K. (2016, May 1). Schools Lack Nurses to Meet Growing Need. Sun Sentinel.

Experiences with Faith Essay -- Catholic Christian Theology

What is faith? Faith is something different to everyone. If you asked a hundred different people, you would get many different answers. Faith holds an extremely complex meaning when discussing it in the context of religion. Faith is a belief. It holds true to every religious and non-religious person. Every faith involves a decision. It is not about what we claim to believe, but what we actually do believe, that is true faith. "Trust in the Lord with all your heart, And lean not on your own understanding, In all your ways acknowledge Him, And He shall direct your paths.† Proverb 3:5-6 That has to be my favorite proverb from the bible, whenever I feel like screaming â€Å"Why Me†, I simply play that proverb in my head and just tell myself that God has a plan for everyone. My Catholic faith is very important to me and I hold it very dear. I go to mass every Saturday night at 4:30 at St. Pats. I feel going to mass is a way to talk to God and I feel the closest to him during mass. At mass I feel like I am deepening my relationship with God. I look to God as a role model and I d...

Grendel :: essays research papers fc

The clash between good and evil has been a prominent theme in literature. The Bible presents the conflict between good and evil in the story of Adam and Eve. Many authors use the scene in the Bible in which the snake taunts and tempts Adam and Eve to take a bite of the apple of knowledge to demonstrate the frailty of humankind. John Gardner provides these same biblical allusions of good and evil in his novel, Grendel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of Grendel’s archenemies is the human. Humans refuse to look beyond Grendel’s unattractive exterior, and spend most of their days trying to kill Grendel. One night when Grendel is watching their mead hall, he sees them â€Å"treating their sword-blades with snake’s venom†(Gardner 29). Another conflict between humans and serpents develops when Grendel is watching the Shaper for the first time. As he listens, he â€Å"snatche[s] up a snake from beside [his] foot†(40), and holds it in his fist as he listens to the Shaper sing. The snake represents the deceptive weaving of history that the Shaper performs in Hrothgar’s mead hall. Grendel interacts with one of the priests, Ork, in the circle of Gods, by pretending to be the Great Destroyer. Ork predicts that the Great Destroyer will eventually fall, foreshadowing Grendel’s battle with Beowulf. Ork tells his fellow priests about his conversation with the Great Destroy er, but they just â€Å"look down at him as they would at a wounded snake†(118). In Grendel’s eyes, all humans are evil, because they refuse to take the time to understand him. Because of this, Grendel battles the humans throughout the novel until one of them finally takes his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The only human brave and strong enough to defeat Grendel was the powerful Geat, Beowulf. Grendel watches Beowulf and his band of Geats land their ships on the shores of Hrothgar’s kingdom. Grendel observes Beowulf speaking to the coastguard, and notices that Beowulf’s eyes are â€Å"slanted downward, never blinking, unfeeling as a snake’s†(135). Grendel’s observations about Beowulf’s destructiveness are proven true as he engages in mortal combat with the Geat. When Beowulf takes hold of Grendel’s arm, Grendel feels as if Beowulf’s â€Å"fingers are charged like fangs with poison†(148).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After this battle, Grendel’s arm is pulled off at the socket, and he retreats to his cave to die.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another human that attempted to defeat Grendel was the top man in Hrothgar’s hall, Unferth. During Grendel’s first encounter with Unferth, Grendel notices a â€Å"table piled with glossy apples†¦[and] an evil idea came over [him]† (72).

Immigrants and Immigration Movement of the Early 20th Century Essay exa

Immigration Movement of the Early 20th Century "Here is not merely a nation, but a teeming nation of nations." -Walt Whitman People have been immigrating to the United States ever since the European settlers first founded the nation. The first immigrants were white European settlers who came for an assortment of different reasons, such as freedom of religion and employment opportunities. Waves of immigrants poured into the US until restrictions were made in the 1920s, which were largely for cultural and economic reasons. Many saw immigration as the only way to prevent starvation, extreme suffering and death. The US became a safe haven and melting pot for many different cultures and nationalities. However, it was not easy to be an immigrant, since they faced much racism, religious persecution, and xenia phobia from the Americans. Sensing this, they often banded closely together, settling with their own kind and forming their own tightly-knit communities where they established their businesses primarily to serve themselves. The Italians and the Jews were two such groups in the beginning of the 20th c entury who felt much of this racism -- as seen in Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury. At this time, the majority of the immigrants were Italians, Russian and Eastern European Jews, Greeks, Slavs, and Armenians. Before 1870 there was little Italian immigration to the US. Nevertheless, shortly afterward, many began to flee rural Italy's low wages and high taxes to seek a more prosperous income in the American cities. Many Italian settlements sprang up in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Baltimore, and Detroit. By World War II, it is said that there were more people of Italian descent living in New York City than we... ...king to immigrate to America, were not already well-represented in the population. However, in 1924, the quota was expanded to allow in northern and western Europeans, but to exclude almost everyone else. President Coolidge is quoted saying, "America must be kept American" as he was signing the 1924 quota into law. This fear and ideology was echoed throughout American society in the beginning of the 20th century. Useful statistics and an informative timeline for the history of US immigration can be found here: http://www.closeup.org/immigrat.htm#timeline This website contains a lot of informative in depth information on Italians, Jews and many other nationalities that immigrated to the United States. It also has a lot of information on the restrictions and laws that were made against immigrants. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook28.html Immigrants and Immigration Movement of the Early 20th Century Essay exa Immigration Movement of the Early 20th Century "Here is not merely a nation, but a teeming nation of nations." -Walt Whitman People have been immigrating to the United States ever since the European settlers first founded the nation. The first immigrants were white European settlers who came for an assortment of different reasons, such as freedom of religion and employment opportunities. Waves of immigrants poured into the US until restrictions were made in the 1920s, which were largely for cultural and economic reasons. Many saw immigration as the only way to prevent starvation, extreme suffering and death. The US became a safe haven and melting pot for many different cultures and nationalities. However, it was not easy to be an immigrant, since they faced much racism, religious persecution, and xenia phobia from the Americans. Sensing this, they often banded closely together, settling with their own kind and forming their own tightly-knit communities where they established their businesses primarily to serve themselves. The Italians and the Jews were two such groups in the beginning of the 20th c entury who felt much of this racism -- as seen in Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury. At this time, the majority of the immigrants were Italians, Russian and Eastern European Jews, Greeks, Slavs, and Armenians. Before 1870 there was little Italian immigration to the US. Nevertheless, shortly afterward, many began to flee rural Italy's low wages and high taxes to seek a more prosperous income in the American cities. Many Italian settlements sprang up in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Baltimore, and Detroit. By World War II, it is said that there were more people of Italian descent living in New York City than we... ...king to immigrate to America, were not already well-represented in the population. However, in 1924, the quota was expanded to allow in northern and western Europeans, but to exclude almost everyone else. President Coolidge is quoted saying, "America must be kept American" as he was signing the 1924 quota into law. This fear and ideology was echoed throughout American society in the beginning of the 20th century. Useful statistics and an informative timeline for the history of US immigration can be found here: http://www.closeup.org/immigrat.htm#timeline This website contains a lot of informative in depth information on Italians, Jews and many other nationalities that immigrated to the United States. It also has a lot of information on the restrictions and laws that were made against immigrants. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook28.html