Create 5 paragraph ( 5 sentences each) essay that contains a thesis

Create 5 paragraph ( 5 sentences each) that contains a thesis statement - Essay Example In 1980s, three-quarters of the crude oil refined in the U.S. refineries was from local sources, only 25 percent was imported (Montgomery 43). Currently, those trends are reversed. In a relatively quick period of time, only approximately 35 percent of that crude oil is produced locally while 65 percent is imported from foreign markets (Montgomery 46). To compound the problem, emerging Asian markets are contending for more of the global oil supply, and that pushes up the global price of oil. The government has not constructed any new refinery since 1976 (Montgomery 78). To meet the increasing demand for gasoline, America now imports a million barrels of refined gasoline each day. That means about one out of every nine gallons of gas available at the pump is developed in a far-off country. Not only is America dependent on foreign sources of oil, it is becoming more dependent on foreign sources of gasoline. America is one the highest consumer of oil globally. The addiction of the American customs on oil is evident not only from the sheer volume it consumes – the highest in the world- but also from its consumption per person, which outstrips that of any other comparable country. It is double that of northern Europeans. Despite having plentiful supplies of coal, enough to last 250 years, and being the biggest producer of nuclear energy, American is overly dependent on oil for its various industries. For instance, over 96 percent of its transportation is dependent on oil (Montgomery 140). In conclusion, America is too dependent on foreign oil since it has not been self-sufficient in oil since 1950s. The USA continues to be the world’s biggest importer of oil, accounting for around one quarter of total world imports. Nevertheless, there is no viewpoint of the want for imported oil declining in the foreseeable future; indeed all projections forecast an increase. Domestic production is declining while

Red, White, and Black Essay Example for Free

Red, White, and Black Essay By combining they were a stronger force against the colonists. Native American Relations in the first settlements: Relations characterized by resistance to the expansion of English settlement, submission into praying towns, and devastation through war and disease. Many of the Massachusetts Indians sought protection from Winthrop by selling their land and surrendering their independence. Pequot War: So-called war consisting of clumsy plundering by Massachusetts troops and raids by Pequots in 1637. The colonists eventually won the alliance of rival tribes and waged a ruthless campaign. The war tipped the balance of military power to the English, opening the way to New England’s settlement. King Phillips War: War between the Native American tribes of New England and British colonists that took place from 1675-1676. The war was the result of tension caused by encroaching white settlers. The chief of the Wampanoags, King Philip lead the natives. The war ended Indian resistance in New England and left a hatred of whites. Tuscaroras and Yamasees: Two opposing Indians tribes whose disunity lead both to destruction. The Tuscaroran people were defeated by the colonists with the help of the Yamasees in 1713, and the Yamasees were themselves defeated around 1715. Both tribes were scattered and soon disappeared. praying towns: Towns set up by puritan missionaries for Indian converts to spread puritan Christianity, the first of which, Natick, was founded in 1651. As the Indian population in the east waned, assimilation as Praying Indians became the only option besides retreating farther west. Beaver Wars: Wars that resulted from furious trading and hunting of Beaver pelts by the Dutch, the French, and the New Netherlands. The Overhunting of Beavers sent prices so high in 1742 that the Dutch armed the Iroquois and what resulted was bloody battles against Pro-French tribes. Slavery Begins: Followed the exploration of the African coast and the establishment of a slave trade Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries. The slave trade then moved in to America as the development of a plantation system in Virginia offered a market for slavery and the first slaves arrived there in 1619. Slavery remained small among the colonies, however because it was not yet profitable for slavery under the conditions. As trade and agriculture grew and a plantation system grew so did slavery. Barbados Code: Code adopted by Carolina in 1696 to control slaves at the will of their masters. It was often noted as an inhumane code but the society revolved around slaves, so laws like this were created in order to keep control in the society. White owners relied on force and fear to control the growing black majority in the Carolinas. Maryland Slave Code, 1661: The first actual definition by the colonies of slavery as a lifelong, inheritable, racial status. It was issued by Maryland in 1661 in order to set up a distinct place for the slaves in the society. Out of the Maryland Slave Code of 1661 came the establishing of other slave codes that set up strict legal codes. Stono Rebellion: Slave uprising in South Carolina in 1739, in which twenty slaves robbed guns and ammunition from the Stono River Bridge along with killing civilians. Officials suppressed the rebellion and stopped any more chaos and damage. I t was a significant encounter because it caused white

The Community Analysis Of Homeless Families

The Community Analysis Of Homeless Families This paper analyzes the social issues surrounding homeless families and describes the extent of the problem within the U. S. community, while comparing the U.S. community to other communities in other parts of the global system. Causes listed in this paper include unemployment, mental illness, drug or alcohol abuse, and lack of affordable housing. Three theoretical models guide the analysis: social systems theory, functionalist theory and conflict theory. The data come from statistics of homeless families in the U.S. and global communities. These results deliver some evidence for current explanations for homeless transitions, and they propose probable avenues for additional research on the dynamics of homelessness. Macro Community Analysis Homelessness is a significant concern within the U. S. and global community. This situation arises when its individuals are poverty stricken and do not have regular access to affordable housing. In the U. S. in the early 1980s, families with young children became one of the fastest growing segments of the homeless population and now consist of 34% of the homeless population, which includes 23% children and 11% adults (Burt et al., 1999). The issues of homelessness have always been a problem around the world, even though it varies greatly, it has been considered to be one of the oldest social dilemmas in the world. Any day, no less than 800,000 individuals are homeless in the U.S., including about 200,000 homeless families. Most homeless families have incomes below 50% of the federal poverty level that makes it nearly impossible for them to find rental property within their means. To make matters worse, as many as 70% of homeless people struggle with serious health problems, mental an d physical disabilities, and/or substance abuse problems (Burt, 2001). Countries have different ways of reporting homelessness, dissimilar measures with which to define homelessness. Some countries have no policy regarding this condition at all and for that reason are unable to report on the statistics. Causes and Effects of Homelessness As mentioned, homeless is also a global issue and not a problem specific to the U.S. It is estimated to be around 3 million homeless individuals in 15 countries of the European Union. Philip Alston, Chairperson of the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights since 1991 states that on any given night, three quarters of a million people in the United States are homeless; in Toronto, Canadas largest city, 6,500 people stayed in emergency shelters on a typical night in late 1997, a two-thirds increase in just one year (Unicef, 1998). Furthermore, abuse and assault appear to be silent characteristics of homelessness. Studies have frequently found, in the histories of both individuals and families who are homeless, high rates of sexual and physical abuse in childhood, frequent foster care and other out of-home placements, and a variation of other family disruptions. Those that are always getting assaulted by their families might choose to run away and seek shelter in the streets than consent to a life of day-to-day abuse from beatings and molestation. The most significant reasons why people become homeless may be due to the inaccessibility of affordable housing for low income people. Studies show that people are likely to become homeless out of unavoidable situations. There are people who do work but they earn too little to pay for rent, electric, gas, and other housing utilities and expenses. If a person becomes unemployed, they will be unable to pay for anything at all. Homeless Families Demographics Although homelessness is a difficult number to measure, one way to analyze the extent of the problem is through demographics. According to The National Center on Family Homelessness (2008), the typical sheltered homeless family is comprised of a mother in her late twenties with two children. Eighty-four percent of families experiencing homelessness are female-headed. This is due to number of factors: Most single-parent families are female-headed (71%). Single-parent families are among the poorest in the nation and as such, are extremely vulnerable to homelessness Several family shelters do not take men into their programs, causing families to separate when they become homeless Families of color are overrepresented in the homeless population. Nationally: Forty-three percent are African-American Fifteen percent are Hispanic Thirty-eight percent are White, non-Hispanic Three percent are Native American Families experiencing homelessness frequently have limited education: Fifty-three percent of homeless mothers do not have a high school diploma Twenty-nine percent of adults in homeless families are working Forty-two percent of children in homeless families are under age six (The National Center on Family Homelessness, 2008). The lack of reasonable housing has led to high rent payments for families that already struggle to pay their living expenses. These issues force many families to become homeless each day. A solution would be to lower the cost of housing, provide more support for those that are in need, and for the government to recognize that homelessness is a large scale problem. Application of Theory Social Systems Theory Social inequality is shown all over the world stemming from situations of race, gender, and age. An individuals social environment includes all situations a person comes into contact with on a day-to-day basis such as the individuals home, job, and income level, and the social rules that govern them. Person-in-environment refers to interaction between an individual and the multiple systems surrounding that individual, and adaptation refers to ones capability to change in order to adjust to new situations. In order to endure, an individual must be able to function effectively within their social environments (Kirst-Ashman Hull, 2002). The important factor behind the social selection model is that homelessness signifies the final point in a process characterized by the slow reduction of an individuals social and economic resources. As an individuals substance use escalates, the persons financial reserves are exhausted as they sustain an increasingly expensive habit. They either fall into rent debts that leads to eviction (Bessant et al., 2002), or family relationships break down leading to homelessness (Coumans Spreen, 2003). Fountain and Howes found that 63% of their sample of homeless people in Britain named drug or alcohol use as a reason for first becoming homeless. The researchers decided that drug use is traditionally seen as one of the major routes into homelessness, and this was borne out by our survey (Fountain Howes, 2002, p. 10). This compares to the above U.S. percentages that have reported drug and alcohol abuse as one of the causes of homelessness. Functionalist Theory Homelessness can be explained by functionalism, a theory developed by Durkheim. Poverty is best understood from a mixed perspective involving conflict, by Karl Marx and functionalist, by Emile Durkheim. Since poverty certainly plays a role in a homelessness community, this theory certainly applies. In my opinion, functionalist theory explains that our country does actually help those in need but occasionally we can be unsuccessful. This theory continues to remind us to live practically and tells us that the social order does essentially work (Meyerhoff 2006). Regrettably, at this time, scientific studies of family homelessness have been unable to instantaneously reflect all of these probable risk factors. Most of the research can be divided into those studies that present family homelessness as the product of separate faces or of community conditions, without examining both factors together (Shlay Rossi, 1992). Conflict Theory Conflict theory, which is significant to the analysis of the homeless condition, is the belief that the means of mental capability and mental achievement plays a role in the determination of what interests will be articulated effectively. Conflict theory studies the macro level of our society, its structures and organizations. While functionalists dispute that society is held together norms, values, and a common morality, conflict theorists consider how society is held together by power and coercion for the advantage of those in power (Ritzer, 2000). Though individuals and groups appreciating great wealth, prestige, and power have the resources needed to impose their values on others with fewer resources, Max Weber, a theorist viewed a range of class divisions in society as normal, inevitable, and acceptable, as do many contemporary conflict theorists (Curran Renzetti, 2001). Webers theory separated the class of individuals into bourgeoisie and proletariat. Bourgeoisie are those capitalist who possess the means of production while the proletariat is deemed as the working class; they are the ones who sell their own labor power. These groupings show how people are classified according to their status in life. It basically defines the societys state of inequality that is stabilized and reproduced through cultural ideology (Meyerhoff 2006). Social Ill within Turley Homelessness Poverty and inequality continues to afflict many residents in Turley, Oklahoma. The best theory that explains the social ill in Turley, Oklahoma, is conflict theory. One of the conflicts impacting Turley residents is the lack of transportation and close health care facilities. Without access to transportation, residents cannot get to work or to doctors or hospitals easily. Webers theory separated the class of individuals into bourgeoisie the haves, and the have-nots were called proletariat. It would be ideal if Marxs idea of constructing a fundamentally equal society where there is no competition for wealth and power (Meyerhoff, 2006). It is known that several of Turley residents have less than other communities. One of the social ills within the Turley community is the many houses that are abandoned, boarded up, falling down or even burned-out by vandalism, which results in minimal to no housing for Turley residents. Also, from low income or unemployment, this may be caused by lack of transportation. This can result in individuals becoming depressed and utilizing drugs or alcohol as a coping mechanism. Prolonged use of drugs or alcohol may result in a mental disorder. People who have complicated life issues related to mental illness and of drug or alcohol use are the most common people who tend to be homeless. There is a common perception that substance abuse and homelessness are linked, but there is considerable contention about the direction of the relationship (Kemp, Neale, Robertson, 2006; Mallett, Rosenthal, Keys, 2005; Neale, 2001; Snow Anderson, 1993). Many people in Turley, Oklahoma are homeless due to lack of affordable housing and lack of access to health care facilities, both of which makes life worse for residents with mental illness or substance abuse problems. Severe mental illnesses may be caused from substance abuse and affect peoples ability to carry out vital stages of everyday life, such as retaining a job, household management or even self-care. Mental illnesses may also prevent people from forming and maintaining stable relationships or cause them to misconstrue assistance from others and react in an angry manner. This often results in pushing away family, friends and caregivers who may be the force keeping that person from becoming homeless. Some studies indicate that substance abuse is a risk factor for homelessness, whereas others suggest that homelessness induces drug use (Neale, 2001, p. 354). Summary In summary, when comparing the U. S. to other global communities, the causes of homelessness were similar, with poverty being the leading cause. To effectively address homelessness, communities need a clear understanding of the problem and realize that it could affect anyone at any given time. Homelessness continues to be an increasing problem and requires social action to overcome the injustice that those people suffer. A change can be made by building or offering affordable housing units to people with low or very minimal income, as well as shielding families from the abuse they may get exposed to and trying to help guide them in the right path. Finally, through helping communities with programs that assist addicted individuals to overcome their addiction as well as people with mental illness by providing affordable health care programs, the homeless have an opportunity to rise above their current situation. As a Child Welfare Supervisor, I selected this particular social justice issue because several of the children that come into OKDHS custody will age out of the system without a permanent home or family, which results in most of them becoming homeless; this was learned in our Child Welfare Trainings. I wanted to learn more about this ongoing problem and feel it is very important that we help homeless people obtain a better life.

Biogenetics - The Dangers of Biogenetically Engineered Organisms :: Biology Environment Ecology Essays

Biogenetics - The Dangers of Biogenetically Engineered Organisms As I sit here at my desk in front of my computer contemplating what to write about, I look out of the window and watch the bees at work around the large bush that has flowered in front of my house.They busily go from one tiny flower to the next looking for nectar and exchanging pollen. Occasionally one will fly away presumably to inform other bees at the hive about the location and abundance of this bush.More bees arrive to help in the gathering of nectar while others leave to deliver their bounty. Each bee is an integral part of a hive, a biological system.Each bee is also an important part of a larger system, an ecosystem and in turn each ecosystem is part of a grand system, the environment that we live in, also known as the planet Earth.Odd that such tiny little creatures, who seem oblivious to all but the flowers they are buzzing, could be part of such a large system.Even more amazing is the effect they have on this system.If not for the bees more than 30% of the plan ts and vegetables we take for granted would never be able to reproduce.In turn many of the animals we depend on for food, clothing, companionship and love would never survive.If the animal that we rely on died then most assuredly we, or most of us, would die in a matter of months.Now that little creature looks much larger and more important to me than it did just 5 minutes ago. Odd how such a small factor can have such a large effect on an equation isn’t it? Throughout the world this very important and delicate balance goes on, as do millions of others every day each affecting the other and yet at the end of the day they manage to balance each other out.As educated and well-informed people many times we may look at a system and think that we understand its intricacies but do we?And even if we do, do we have the right to change the way it works just to suit our needs?This is the question I will address in this paper and hopefully get you, the reader, to think about what we as a collective are doing and are about to do with the knowledge that we posses.

Software and Hardware System Requirements for a Project

Chapter 5Requirement AnalysisThe chapter describe security model demand and which is categorised on the footing of user interaction and specification of package and hardware demand. Besides its overview regulations assign to the assorted user. 5.1 Software RequirementNameDetailssOperating SystemWindows XP and UpperDatabase ServerMySql, XMLFront EndNetbeans 7.2, JSP, Java SDK 6.0Application ServerTomcat 6.0BrowserIE 5.0 and Upper or Mozilla, Google ChromeTable No 4.1 Software Requirement 5.2Hardware RequirementNameDetailssProcessorPentium IV and supra.Random-access memory256MB and aboveHard Drive40 GBNetworkLocal area networkTable No 4.2 Software Requirement 5.3High Level Process Diagrams A high degree description of the demands of the undertaking is to manage specific defined maps utilizing a common platform, whilst other maps for content, enrollment, individuality direction, and increasing security to single applications will be outside the range of the undertaking and this range is detailed in the diagram below: Figure 5.1: Scope of the Undertaking This stage of the undertaking will cover individual factor hallmark and will merely capture username and watchword to authenticate a website user. The demands are split into four subdivisions:Generic demandsSelf disposal functionalityDelegated disposal functionalityHelp Desk disposal.The generic demands will embrace certain facets that are generic across the ego disposal and delegated disposal functionality. The undertaking will present the following generic demands for self disposal and delegated disposal: Figure 5.2: Generic demands for self disposal and delegated disposal The undertaking will present the following self disposal functionality: Figure 5.3: Self disposal functionality The undertaking will besides present the followers delegated disposal functionality: Figure 5.4: Delegated disposal functionality There will besides be the undermentioned Help Desk disposal functionality that will be delivered by the undertaking: Figure 5.5: Aid Desk disposal functionality5.4 User groupsUser groupDescriptionExternal web site userAn external web site visitant to any web site or applicationAdministratorAn internal decision maker who will hold the capableness to supply entree direction to application specific external web site usersHelp Desk AdministratorAn internal decision maker who will hold the capableness to back up the security model and users of the modelTable No 5.3: User Groups5.5 Requirements5.5.1 Generic demandsGEN-0011-Rule-2For Self disposal and decision maker for delegated disposal enrollment signifiers, the information Fieldss must be blank on first burden of the signifier.GEN-0011-Rule-3The system will non auto-generate usernames for decision makers for delegated disposal. The usernames will be entered manually.GEN-0011-Rule-4When the web site user receives the invitation electronic mail and clicks the URL to lade the enrollment signifier, the username on the signifier will be pre-populated and n ot-editable.GEN-0011-Rule-5Auto-complete must be set to murder.GEN-0011-Rule-6Password and replies to security inquiries must be obscured.GEN-0011-Rule-7The username can non be an email reference.GEN-0011-Rule-8The website user must put up 4 security inquiries, of which 2 will be indiscriminately shown during future hallmark procedures.GEN-0011-Rule-9Security replies must non:Be cleanRepeat replies across the inquiriesBe individual figure or character repliesGEN-0011-Rule-10The replies to the security inquiries will be a minimal 3 alphameric characters, with a maximal 20 alphameric characters and must non incorporate the undermentioned particular characters:â€Å" ! ? $ % ? / or @GEN-0011-Rule-11Website users will merely be registered for applications/websites within a pre-defined group, i.e. for either BHW applications or international applicationsGEN-0011-Rule-12The format of the username will be a minimal 6 alphameric characters, with a upper limit of 20 alphameric characters an d must non incorporate the undermentioned particular characters:â€Å" ! ? $ % ? / or @The username will be instance sensitive.GEN-0011-Rule-13The format of the watchword will be a minimal 8 alphameric characters, with a upper limit of 20 alphameric characters and must be instance sensitive.GEN-0011-Note-1:The application specific demands for informations gaining control are non documented in this DBRS and will be documented at the application specific degree.GEN-0011-Note-2:The signifier will non capture opt-in /opt-out for selling intents. This will be done at application degree and non at the security degree.GEN-0011-Note-3:Website users will be able to register for specific merchandises at an application degree.GEN-0011-Note-4:The website user will merely be able to take a security inquiry one time from the list, i.e. the inquiry selected in ‘Security inquiry 1’ will non look in the dropdown for ‘Security inquiry 2’ and so on.GEN-0011-Note-5:Any indivi duality inside informations, i.e. name and reference, will be captured at an application degree.GEN-0012Send electronic mail verification on successful enrollment to the web site userGEN-0012-Note-1:A concern determination has been made to go on with the preferable option that does non necessitate email confirmation and therefore to merely hold one measure enrollment. The website users will have an electronic mail corroborating that they have registered successfully.GEN-0012-Note-2: Without capturing more informations on the enrollment signifier, any electronic mails that are sent will non be customised to the website user and the salute will be ‘Dear User.’GEN-0013Post log-in, all designated assets ( pages ) will be protected by the Security Platform.GEN-0020The watchword strength must be either medium or strong and must be displayed on the undermentioned signifiers:RegistrationChange watchwordSecurity inside informationsGEN-0020-Rule-1Mandatory ( 1 point each and a en tire 2 points in the marking mechanism )Minimum of8 characters in lengthMaximum of 20 characters in lengthA combination of letters and at least 1 figureOptional ( 1 point each )At least one particular character from this list @ , # , $ , ^ , & A ; , _ , ~ , –A mixture of upper and lower instance lettersPoints scoredDisplay& lt ; = 2Weak ( Red saloon )3Medium ( Amber saloon )4Strong ( Green saloon )GEN-0020-Rule-2The watchword strength saloon will expose the coloring material and besides the diction to follow with the Accessibility criterionsGEN-0020-Rule-3On page burden the watchword strength index will be clean.GEN-0030The enrollment signifier must incorporate Captcha functionalityGEN-0030-Rule-1The Captcha functionality must follow with the Accessibility criterionsGEN-0030-Rule-2The Captcha functionality must be instance sensitive.GEN-0040Provide registered website users with the ability to login to an application or merchandise on any web site that has migrated to the Secu rity FrameworkGEN-0040-Note-1:While the website user will be able to login to any web site or application, they may be required to register for each merchandise at an application degree.GEN-0050Website users must be able to reset their watchword through disregarded watchword functionalityGEN-0050-Rule-1The website users must reply 2 security inquiry ( s ) right to reset their watchword.GEN-0050-Rule-2The 2 inquiries will be displayed indiscriminately for the set of 4 inquiries answered on initial enrollment.GEN-0060Website users must be able to recover their username through disregarded username functionality to reconstruct their ability to log in.GEN-0060-Rule-1An electronic mail will be generated incorporating the website user’s username.GEN-0070A website users account will be locked if the website user exceeds the maximal figure of login efforts or fails to reply their security inquiries rightGEN-0070-Rule-1There should be 2 error messages:For inputting incorrect inside in formations, e.g. username and watchwordFor history lockupGEN-0070-Note-1:The figure of login efforts and replying of security inquiries should be set to 3 efforts, so the history is locked and an enlightening mistake message is displayed.GEN-0070-Note-2:For the history unlock procedure, web site users will be advised to reach the Help Desk in order to unlock their history.GEN-0070-Note-2:There will be three history lock out periods. The first two lockouts will be impermanent and last for 20 proceedingss. The concluding lockout will be lasting and necessitate Helpdesk to unlock the history.GEN-0080The system must be able to run out a web site users password at a specified interval, e.g. monthlyPremise:The watchword termination will be set at a generic degree and if an application requires an alternate watchword termination policy, this must be applied at the application specific degreeGEN-0090The system must be able to stop a user session after a specified period of inaction on the w eb site.GEN-0090-Rule-1The in agreement length of clip for the period of inaction must be set across the platform and non at application degree.GEN-0090-Rule-2The inaction timeout will be configured to 20 proceedingss.GEN-0100Functionality must be provided to let the website user to log out of the Security Framework.GEN-0100-Note-1:The logout user journey will be an application degree specific user journey.GEN-0100-Note-2:This will be locally configurable for each concern unit.GEN-0110Provide individual sign-on capableness such that when a website user registries for one web site or application, they are able to login to another web site or application.GEN-0110-Note-1:While the website user will be able to login to any web site or application, they may be required to register for each merchandise at an application degree.GEN-0120The system should supply scrutinizing and describing functionality of both self disposal web site users and delegated disposal web site users.GEN-0120-Note- 1: This functionality will be provided to the Help Desk Administrators as a portion of the Oracle Identity and Access merchandise suite.GEN-0120-Note-2:Any web analytical coverage will be provided through the Omniture toolGEN-0130The system should supply scrutinizing and describing functionality of the decision makers using the delegated disposal toolsGEN-0130-Note-1: This functionality will be provided to the Help Desk Administrators as a portion of the Oracle Identity and Access merchandise suite.GEN-0130-Note-2:Any web analytical coverage will be provided through the Omniture toolGEN-0140The concern units should supply an attack and procedure for managing website users concerned with possible history via media, whether this be via electronic mail or via a Call CentreGEN-0150The system must dispute an terminal user when they:Attempt to entree unauthorized contentAttempt to entree via a bookmark when already logged outGEN-0160The system shall be capable of observing that a user is logging in a 2nd clip from a different topographic point, in which instance the installation should be configurable to reject the 2nd session, end the bing session, or permit coincident Sessionss.Table No.5.4: Generic demands5.5.2 Self disposal demandsRqt No.DescriptionSource/OwnerPrecedenceSA-0020Provide registered and logged in website users with self disposal capablenesss to alter their generic security inside informationsSA-0020-Rule-1A website user must be able to amend the undermentioned security inside informations:Email referencePasswordSecurity inquiries and repliesSA-0020-Rule-1A website user will non be able to amend the username.SA-0020-Note-1:Any application or merchandise specific informations will be amended at application or merchandise degree and as such will non be documented in this DBRS and will be documented at the application specific degree.SA-0021The system must direct an electronic mail to the registered web site user when an amendment has been made to their inside informationsSA-0021-Rule-1The electronic mail must province which inside informations have been amended, butnonwhat the inside informations have been changed from or to.SA-0021-Rule-2If the web site user has amended their electronic mail reference, the system must direct an electronic mail to the old and new electronic mail references advising of the amendment.SA-0021-Note-1:This electronic mail will besides incorporate instructional text for the web site users in instance they are concerned that their history has been compromised.Table No. 5.5: Self disposal demands5.5.3Delegated disposal demandsRqt No.DescriptionSource/OwnerPrecedenceDA-0010Provide decision makers with delegated disposal capablenesss to make an history for external web site usersDA-0010-Rule-1decision makers will merely be able to register Website users for applications/websites within a pre-defined group, i.e. for either BHW applications or international applications.DA-0010-Rule-1decision makers will non be able to utilize the same username across pre-defined groups as the username must be alone.DA-0011Provide decision makers with the ability to advise website users of their enrollment inside informations via an invitation electronic mailDA-0011-Rule-1The point at which the invitation electronic mail is sent to the website user will be configurable for each application, i.e. the electronic mail may be sent when the user has been created by the decision maker or at a ulterior phase following updating of application specific history inside informations.DA-0012Provide decision makers with delegated disposal capablenesss to modify an bing history electronic mail referenceDA-0012-Rule-1The system must direct an electronic mail to the registered web site user when an amendment has been made to their inside informations by the decision maker.DA-0012-Note-1:The decision maker will merely be able to modify the electronic mail reference for an history.DA-0013Provide decision makers with the ability to seek for an bing web site user by username and/or electronic mail.DA-0013-Rule-1The hunt capableness will be application degree particular and will non return users non registered for that application.DA-0014Provide decision makers with delegated disposal capablenesss to disenable and enable an bing history from the applicationDA-0014-Rule-1The decision maker will merely be able to disenable an bing history from the specific application the decision maker is logged into. The decision maker will merely be able to enable an history if it has antecedently been disabled from the application.DA-0014-Rule-2Presentment must be sent to the Help Desk decision makers when a user has been disabled for a specific application.DA-0014-Rule-3Presentment must be sent to the bing user when their application particular history has been enabled.DA-0015Provide decision makers with the ability to re-send an invitation electronic mail to a website user during the URL expiry period and post the URL expiry period.DA-0015-Rule-1This functionality will merely be available if the web site user has non logged in and completed their profile for the first clip.DA-0015-Rule-2If the invitation is re-sent during the expiry period, so the URL from the initial electronic mail will be invalid and the expiry period will be resetDA-0020Invitation electronic mails from the delegated decision maker must incorporate the undermentioned information for the website user:User nameEncrypted URL to automatically log the user into their historyDA-0020-Rule-1The URL will run out on first successful usage and the website user must alter the watchword, enter their personal inside informations, select the security inquiries and input their replies to their chosen security inquiries on loginDA-0020-Rule-2The fresh URL should be expired after a configurable clip period and the recommendation is that this is less than 2 hebdomads.DA-0020-Rule-3As a lower limit the watchword must be encrypted.DA-0030Hard transcript invitations could be sent from the delegated decision maker and must incorporate the undermentioned information for the website user:User nameImpermanent watchwordFriendly URLDA-0030-Rule-1The impermanent watchword will run out on first usage and the website user must alter the watchword, enter their personal inside informations, select the security inquiries and input their replies to their chosen security inquiries on loginDA-0030-Note-1:The ability to capture reference inside informations for poster of the difficult transcript invitations has non been captured in this DBRS and will be documented at the application specific degree.DA-0030-Note-2:The concern procedure for the despatching of the difficult transcript invitation is out of range of the Security Platform and must be put in topographic point by the concern unitsDA-0040Provide decision makers with the screens and functionality for the delegated disposal which will be deployed at an application specific degree.DA-0060Provide decision makers with the ability to re-enable a user that has antecedently been disabled from the applicationDA-0070Provide decision makers with the ability to seek for handicapped users by username or electronic mail.Table No 5.6: Delegated disposal demands5.5.4Help desk disposal demandsRqt No.DescriptionSYS-0010Provide Help Desk decision makers with the ability to:Search for an historyModify an historyDisable an historyEnable an historyDe-register an history from the security modelRe-register an history on the security modelDe-register an history from an applicationRe-register an history to an applicationUnlock an historyReset watchwordUpload users in majoritySYS-0010-Rule-1The Help Desk decision makers will be able to de-register an history at the security model degree. This will forestall the website user from logging into any application and sites.SYS-0010-Rule-2Presentment must be sent to each of the decision makers when a user has been de-registered at the security model degreeSYS-0010-Rule-3Presentment must be sent to the bing user when their history has been de-registered from the Security FrameworkSYS-0010-Rule-4Presentment must be sent to the bing user when their history has been modified in any manner on the Security Framework.SYS-0010-Note-1: This functionality will be provided to the Help Desk Administrators as a portion of the Oracle Identity and Access merchandise suite.SYS-0010-Note-1:An electronic mail will be sent to the termin al user for the alteration of each property.Table No. 5.7: Aid desk disposal demands

Evolutionary Account of Female Mating Preferences

Evolutionary Account of Female Mating Preferences Introduction Evolutionary psychology has long been a dominant approach for describing and explaining the mating preferences of females. It places emphasis on the idea that women pay more attention to a male’s status, his ability to provide resources to the family, the income of this person or his education.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Evolutionary Account of Female Mating Preferences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More More importantly, evolutionary psychology implies that women’s mating strategies and preferences are not strongly affected by culture. In my opinion, this theory does not fully account for the behavior of women. In particular, it does not explain why women choose to end their relationship with a partner. Furthermore, evolutionary framework does not account for the existing of cross-sex friendships. In this literature review, I would like to discuss empirical studies that examine attraction, changing preferences of women, and their values. These studies are primarily based on the use of interviews and surveys. These are the main themes that should be explored. Overall, many researchers believe that women’s mating strategies cannot be fully attributed only to the forces of evolution. Values Overview of the theme One of the issues that should be discussed is the values of women. Special attention should be paid to the way in which these values can change with time passing. Secondly, it is important to remember that values can be dependent on cultural background of a person. The thing is that they are closely related to mating decisions of women. Evolutionary account of female mating strategies cannot account why females can leave their partners, even if their socio-economic status has not changed. Subtheme: the change of values and the end of relationship In their article, Nasrin Abedinia et al (2012) examine the factors that contribute to divorce. One of the goals is to understand the circumstances that prompt a person to end a relationship with his/her spouse (Abedinia et al, 2012, p. 65). Their study involved the use of the structured interview, and researchers and the sample included 300 participants who were both males and females (Abedinia et al, 2012, p. 65). According to the findings of these researchers, women are more likely to consider divorce when their partners cannot meet their psychological needs (Abedinia et al, 2012, p. 69). For instance, one can mention the need for self-esteem. This is they may leave their mating partner. Similar findings have been derived by Oluyemi Stephens (2012) who also examines the perceived causes of divorce. This research was based on the interview of family counselors who worked with couples or divorced individuals (Stephens, 2012, p. 115). The sample of the study included 150 counselors (Stephens, 2012, p. 115). The results of this research indicate that the change of socio-economic s tatus is not the only reason why women want to divorce.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, they refer to the difference in perception of gender roles and lack of communication between partners (Stephens, 2012, p. 115). Overall, the results of these studies suggest that income or financial stability do not always play the most important role of women. The data, provided by Oluyemi Stephens (2012) and Nasrin Abedinia et al show that there are exceptions to evolutionally account of female mating preferences. Nevertheless, one should not suppose that resources and status of the male partner is of no importance to women. One can refer to the research article written by Hendrix Lewellyn and Willie Pearson (1995) who explore such a concept as spousal interdependence. These authors carried out a meta-analysis of empirical studies that examined the cause of divorc e (Lewellyn Pearson, 1995, p. 118). They have found out that women, who were financially dependent on their husbands, were less likely to divorce. Thus, the availability of resources is of great importance to women. Gender roles and power It should be noted that the values of women can greatly depend on their perception of gender roles and power of women within the family. This perception is shaped primarily by social forces. Again, one can refer to the study by Hendrix Lewellyn and Willie Pearson (1995). The findings of these authors suggest that mating preferences of women greatly depend on their social status. For example, they can value the economic prosperity of their partner more provided that they cannot maximize their wealth independently (Lewellyn Pearson, 1995, p. 225). The study carried out by David Schmitt (2005) can also throw light on the values of women. This researcher surveyed 14,059 participants from 48 countries (Schmitt, 2005, p. 247). In particular, the schola r looked at self-reports of both male and female participants. To a great extent, this research confirms the premises of evolutionary theories, because it suggests that women, who may belong to different cultures or societies, place more value on the economic status of their partners and their ability to care about children (Schmitt, 2005, p. 279). Still, the role of cultural differences should not be disregarded. In her study, Devendra Singh (2004) examines the mating preferences of American men and women whose age ranged between 19-60 (Singh 2004, p. 52). According to this scholar, women are set higher standards for their physical appearance of their partners, if they consider themselves to be attractive (Singh 2004, p. 46). These examples indicate that evolutionary biology cannot fully explain the mating preferences of women.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Evolutionary Account of Female Mating Preferences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Theme B: Attraction Overview of the theme The discussion of female mating preferences should include such a concept as attraction. Evolutionary approach implies that women attach more importance to physical condition of the partner at the beginning of their relationship, but later they attach more importance to such factors as socioeconomic status, education, or stability. In this section, I will try to examine how women regard attraction and what factors influence their views. Sub-theme: Various aspects of attraction There are several studies suggesting that mating preferences of women cannot be reduced to the paradigms of evolutionary theory. For example, the study carried out by Andrew Lehr and Glenn Geher (2006) who interviewed 32 female students (p. 423). One of the issues that these researchers have identified is that women consistently pay attention similarity in attitudes and tastes (Lehr Geher, 2006, p. 438). If there are no common inter ests or attitudes, they are not likely to start a relationship with a male. These preferences cannot be attributed only to evolutionary forces. Additionally, I would to discuss the study done by Devendra Singh whose findings have been discussed in this paper. (2004). This researcher points out that women tend to value the physical appearance of a partner, even if one is speaking about long-term relations (Singh 2004, p. 52). Finally, one can refer to the research article written by Nasrin Abedinia et al whose findings have been mentioned before (2012). These researchers point out that women value communication, emotional attachment, and ability of their partners to meet their psychological needs (Abedinia et al, 2012, p. 65). These choices and preferences contradict the principles of evolutionary psychology that emphasizes on security and availability of resources. Sub-theme: Physical health Another aspect of attraction is physical health of the mating partner. One has to admit that women can be attracted by a partner, he leads a healthy lifestyle. Nevertheless, there are some notable exceptions to this rule. In his study, Christiaan Monden (2007) examines the health habits of married couples (p. 392). The researcher used such a method as unstructured interview in order to examine the impact of health preferences on people’s mating choices (Monden, 2007, p. 392). His findings suggest that women may prefer males who have the same health problems as they do (Monden, 2007, p. 407). For instance, the scholar points out that many cohabiting partners can have similar diseases like diabetes or asthma (Monden, 2007, p. 403). These findings do not support the premises of evolutionary psychology. They suggest that mating preferences can be very complex.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Certainly, there are opposite examples. In particular, the study done by David Schmitt (2005) suggests that women are usually very concerned about the lifestyles of their male partners (p. 286). Furthermore, according to Devendra Singh (2004) for many women, physical attractiveness can be an indicator of health (p. 43). Therefore, some premises of evolutionary psychology cannot be disregarded. Yet, one should not suppose that this theory tells us everything the behavior of women. Theme C. Education Overview of the theme The education level of a mating partner is also believed an important factor for women. The general premise is women usually seek a male who have high levels of educational attainment. However, one should understand how females regard education. This discussion of these issues is important for understanding the mating preferences. Additionally, one should take into consideration that education greatly affects a person’s perception of gender roles. In this sect ion, I would like to determine whether males’ perception of gender roles affects women’s mating preferences. Equality of education level The supporters of evolutionary psychology argue that irrespective of cultural background, women choose males who are intelligent and educated. For instance, David Schmitt’s study (2005) indicates that such a pattern exists in countries that may have different cultures, political systems, or religions (p. 256). Nevertheless, this rule should be specified. Such a researcher as Christiaan Monden (2007) says that females also want their partners to have similar education (p. 392). In other words, they value equality of conditions. To a great extent, this phenomenon can be explained by the fact that women value the similarity in attitudes and beliefs (Lehr Geher, 2006, p. 438). This is why they value the equality of education. Perception of gender roles Finally, researchers note that women also pay attention to perception of gender roles. For instance, Abedinia et al (2012) point out that women usually prefer mating partners who share their views on gender roles (p. 67). Moreover, such a conflict can be observed in many countries. In his research article, Oluyemi Stephens (2012) argues that many Nigerian families can be broken because partners have a different understanding of gender roles (p. 116). Nevertheless, one should take into account that not every scholar supports this point of view. In particular, David Schmitt’s study (2005) believes that the perception of gender roles does not produce a significant effect on the mating preferences of women. Thus, some of the choices that women make can be affected by social environment, rather than evolutionary forces. Conclusion Overall, this literature review indicates that the mating preferences of women cannot be described only by the terms of evolutionary theory. In particular, one can speak about the following behaviors and values: 1) the ability of a partner to meet women’s psychological needs; 2) their willingness to live with men who have similar educational level or even similar health problems; and 3) the importance of common attitudes and beliefs for them. The studies that have been reviewed have certain strengths. Each of them is based on empirical evidence that has been accurately codified and analyzed. Secondly, these sources show the complexity of women’s behavior. Nevertheless, one should remember about the limitations of these studies. Most of them do not take into account cultural aspects of marriage. Furthermore, they do not fully explain how the change of social norms affect women’s mating preferences. There are several questions that psychologists may consider: How are mating preferences of women affected by their age? What are the cultural aspects of mating and marriage? How do the attitudes of women change their mating preferences? What are the advantages and disadvantages of evolutionary theory as an explanation for the mating preferences of women? Reference List Abedinia, N., Bolhari, J., Ramezanzadeh, F., Naghizadeh, M. (2012). Comparison of Predisposing and Effective Factors on Divorce Application between Men and Women. Journal Of Family Reproductive Health, 6(2), 65-72. Hendrix, L., Pearson Jr., W. (1995). Spousal Interdependence, Female Power and Divorce: A Cross-Cultural Examination. Journal Of Comparative Family Studies, 26(2), 217-232. Lehr, A. Geher, G. (2006). Differential Effects of Reciprocity and Attitude Similarity Across Long- Versus Short-Term Mating Contexts. Journal Of Social Psychology, 146(4), 423-439. Monden, C. (2007). Partners in health? Exploring resemblance in health between partners in married and cohabiting couples. Sociology Of Health Illness, 29(3), 391-411. Schmitt, D. (2005). Sociosexuality from Argentina to Zimbabwe: A 48-nation study of sex, culture, and strategies of human mating. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 29 (120), 247-3 11. Singh, D. (2004). Mating Strategies of Young Women: Role of Physical Attractiveness. Journal Of Sex Research, 41(1), 43-54. Stephens, O. (2012). Student Counsellors Perceived Causes of Divorce among Couples in Lagos Metropolis. IFE Psychologia, 20(2), 113-118.

James Monroe essays

James Monroe essays James Monroe was born in Westmoreland county Virginia, on April 28th, 1758. His father was Spence Monroe. He came from a Scottish family, but settled in Virginia in the mid sixteen hundreds. James was the eldest of four boys and one girl. In 1786, Monroe married a seventeen-year-old girl named Elizabeth Kortright on June 30, 1768. Together they had two daughters named Eliza and Maria, and a son but he died at the age of two. James Monroe had a good education. He studied at home with a tutor until he was twelve. Then his father sent him to the school of Parson Archibald Campbell. He had to leave home early in the morning just to reach school on time. Often he would carry a rifle so he could shoot game on his way through the woods. At the age of sixteen, James entered the college of William and Mary. But soon after enrolling, he would leave college, and join the revolutionary war. Monroe began his political career in 1782, when he won a seat in the Virginia assembly. In 1783, he was elected to the Congress Of The Confederation, where he served three years. In 1786, Monroe started practicing law in Fredericksburg, Virginia. But soon after, he ran for the Virginia assembly again and remained in the assembly for four years. In 1790, Monroe was elected to the United States Senate. He was a democratic republican. In 1794, president George Washington appointed James Monroe, Minister to France. During his talks in France, Monroe criticized Jays treaty between United States and Britain, as The most shameful transaction I have ever known. In 1799, Monroe was elected governor of Virginia. He played an important part in preserving democratic processes. In 1817, James Monroe was elected president of the United States of America. Daniel D. Tompkins was his Vice president. Monroes presidency was known as The era of good feeling. During this period, ...

Lone Pair - Chemistry Definition

Lone Pair - Chemistry Definition A lone pair is an electron pair in the outermost shell of an atom that is not shared or bonded to another atom. It is also called a non-bonding pair. One way to identify a lone pair is to draw a Lewis structure. The number of lone pair electrons added to the number of bonding electrons equals the number of valence electrons of an atom. The lone pair concept is important to valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory, as it helps to explain the geometry of molecules. Sources Albright, T. A.; Burdett, J. K.; Whangbo, M.-H. (1985). Orbital Interactions in Chemistry. New York: Wiley. p. 102. ISBN 0471873934.Ansyln, E. V.; Dougherty, D. A. (2006). Modern Physical Organic Chemistry. Sausalito, CA: University Science Books. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-891389-31-3.Kumar, Anmol; Gadre, Shridhar R.; Mohan, Neetha; Suresh, Cherumuttathu H. (2014-01-06). Lone Pairs: An Electrostatic Viewpoint. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 118 (2): 526–532. doi:10.1021/jp4117003

Socrates and Freud Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Socrates and Freud - Essay Example ous view whereby he argues that it is like a mankind’s resistance against helplessness feelings, a defense that retains human being immature and rely on an elusive God. The conflict between the nature and characteristic of human beings and civilization restrictions can be found in the early psychological writings of Freud. Freud’s early writing about stages of psychosexual development comprised of destructive of aggressive forces, which are libido-bound in the sadism form (anal, oral, and urethral). Freud, however, measured aggression as portion of self-preservative characters when it resulted from response to frustrating thing or after the occurrence of a conflict between hunger (ego instincts) and love (object instincts). In Civilization and Its Contents, he describes (I) the conflicts that occur between individuals’ social rules and sexual argues that helps them to endure, and (ii) Thanatos, which is a key self-destructive instinct of death, which has overwhelming social consequences when directed outwards. Genocide, violence, and killings are all enough proof of the theory of Freud that, human beings are not â€Å"good†. Freud argues that it is not easy to give an answer to the very question, â€Å"what is the function of the life of human being† that most people understand that human beings only survive happily. Freud catalogues the way human beings avoid pain and seek pleasure, such as intoxicating, sublimating libido into the job, and displacing libido onto the beauty enjoyment (Parisi 67). According to Freud, civilization aids in helping human beings against nature, regulating human beings’ relationships, and encouraging their higher mental actions (scientific, intellectual, as well as artistic success). Self-preservative characteristics and Eros contribute towards civilization, as human beings can strive better through working hand in hand. In addition, sexual love, which is the prototype of happiness, strengthen families, couples, and group

Identity and Object Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Identity and Object - Essay Example How do these symbols or historical objects obtain their identities? Is it the objects that give the identity to the people or is it the people that give the objects an identity? Various examples of nations and their national symbols will be used to illustrate the significance of national symbols and explore the relationship between the identity of these historical objects and the people. Symbols are used to serve as an identity of people from a given nation. For example during the world cup, soccer teams from various nations identify themselves using their flags. The players also wear sportswear that has the national color of their flags which makes it possible to know which player represents a given country. During the medal ceremony the flags of these countries are also flown by the players to identify the nations they are from and also as a way to honor their countries. Flags hoisted represent winning countries in the worldcup which reinforces pride in one’s national identity. Symbols give a country an identity among other nations based on its unique heritage. For example the national symbols of India represent its richness in flora and fauna. The Panthera tigris (tiger) is an animal covered with yellow fur and dark stripes that is found in India. As an animal, it is graceful, agile, strong and powerful and symbolizes its diversity in wild life. National symbols instill pride in one’s culture and history. National symbols require one to be familiar with their culture in order to appreciate the national symbols. The national song of India Vande Mataram was composed in Sanskrit and is sung in the same language. The song was a source of inspiration to the Indian people during the struggle for freedom. The song appreciates the struggle as an important event in India’s History. Moreover singing the song requires one to be conversant with the Sanskrit language which enhances appreciation for the overall Indian culture. Thirdly,

A novel reporter for translational recoding by the Foot-and-mouth Essay

A novel reporter for translational recoding by the Foot-and-mouth disease 2A peptide - Essay Example From this research, it is clear that the primary long-term goal of the project is to determine interactions of release factors specifically needed for the 2A reaction. The method for determining this is genetical to isolate mutations within genes responsible for encoding release factors in the yeast cell that pause the 2A response. Upon synthesis of ubiquitin as part of a polyprotein, it is removed from polyprotein by specific cytosolic proteinases, indicating a new N-terminus to the remainder of the protein. Arginine shows clearly that this protein is degraded urgently as soon as it is degraded. It follows that the stability of an Ade2p portion of the protein depends on the activeness of 2A peptide. The white color of the yeast generates a color-based selection for mutants. This paper makes a conclusion that the larger part of the work undertaken was successful despite, not accomplishing the initial goal of the underlying project. Demonstration of the gap repair process of the PCR and underlying in vivo worked for SUP45. Because of the frequent time constraints, I was incapable of continuing to the massive part of the screen for the sup45 mutants as outlined in the project description. The prevailing project never alters, and the entire work undertook in line with the underlying scope of the initial aim. Nevertheless, the existing work departed described within the original proposal with the choosing yeast strains with the underlying suitable features was fundamental

Implementation Managers Toolkit Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Implementation Managers Toolkit - Term Paper Example The checklist will explain the relevance of the communication process particularly on the part of the employees as the recipients (Prosci’s Communication Checklist 2006). Although this can be done in various ways, e.g., newsletter, memorandum, etc., a more effective way is by doing it face-to-face. Also, it should be a two-way process wherein the employees are given the chance to share its feedback and opinion. Resistance is a normal reaction from employees and this is also the best time that the sponsors of change must be present. Awareness on the roles and responsibilities of the sponsors, senior leaders, managers and supervisors are being determined through the use of sponsorship checklist (Prosci’s Sponsorship Checklist 2006). The checklist had also examined the degree of commitment and involvement of the project team in making changes successful. Before the new system or project is to be implemented, a data conversion plan is to be considered as one of the important steps for conversion process. The plan clearly defines the system or project as it outlines the process, approach, tools, assumptions, strategies and preparation as the prerequisite steps in the migration of data (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services 2010). Data are usually translated from one format to another or from an existing system to another hardware or software environment to determine the condition of the original system. A conversion plan is needed in an information system that uses data just like a total relocation of office management files. A well-thought-out plan that will be used during the conversion is very necessary because this kind of move is not something that is regularly done. Still, the overall discretion of the plan is on the hands of the project manager and the integrated project team because the items addressed in the plan are not detailed. Information system in the organization usually involves technology either

Applied international macroeconomics projet between 1956 1986 Essay

Applied international macroeconomics projet between 1956 1986 - Essay Example Tunisia, officially known as the Tunisian Republic, is a country situated on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa, bordering with Algeria to the west and Libya to the southeast. Tunisia got its independence from the French colonialism in March 20, 1956 and Habib Bourguib became the president of new state. He established a strict one-party political system with a strong hold on economy and state resources and their allocation. One of Tunisia’s outstanding characteristics is its remarkable economic development, sustained over many decades and currently driven by a process of market liberalization and integration into world markets (Country Cooperation Strategy for WHO and Tunisia 2005–2009, 2006, p. 7).Historically, Tunisian economy has gone through fluctuating periods of growth and instability. Its has gone through a transition period of a centrally planned to a more privately managed economy and stabilization and later as a structural reform programs.The purpose of f ollowing paper is to briefly highlight the important aspects of Tunisian economy during1956 to 1986 period. The paper discusses important economical during this era by splitting it into two sub-periods; namely;- Transition period of a centrally planned to a more privately managed economy and the stabilization (1956- 1970), and - An era of structural reform programs (1971- 1986).Tunisia, officially known as the Tunisian Republic, is situated on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa, bordering with Algeria to the west and Libya to the southeast. ... crisis and instability. Its has gone through a transition periods of a centrally planned economy to a more privately managed economy and the stabilization (since 1956 to 1970) , and structural reform programs 1986-87. W can divide this entire period of economic developments into two sub- periods namely; - Transition period of a centrally planned to a more privately managed economy and the stabilization (1956- 1970), and - An era of structural reform programs (1971- 1986). Transition Period of a Centrally Planned to a more Privately Managed Economy and the Stabilization ;1956- 1970. At the time of independence in 1956, Tunisia was facing a crippling economic position mainly because of the huge transfer of money abroad by the wealthy Europeans, who had left the country. Yet the country and its leadership were quite optimistic and had strong determination in their potential and progress. They set their targets mainly focusing on education, modernization agriculture and infrastructure and industrialization and heavily invested in these sectors. Although these were fine priorities, yet unfortunately in sixties, they could not reap enough of the benefits to the masses because of their long term investment requirements and strict government policy control over theses sectors. During this period per capita income could not increase with an increase in investment. Government strict policy control over economy resulted a rapid increase of money supply and aggregate demands. These factors considerable increased the inflation rate and above all raised foreign payment imbalance. More than 70% of investment was public. More than half of total investment was based on

Merger Mellon Financial and Bank of New York Case Study

Merger Mellon Financial and Bank of New York - Case Study Example How the two companies deal with the purchase and how the purchase is being reported to the public is what differ one term from another. Acquisition is when a firm takeover another firm (the target), become the only owner and its stock would still be traded unlike the target company. On the other hand, â€Å"mergers of equal† is when two companies seek the benefit ofbecoming one single company and neither is acquiring the other. Usually both companies are about the same size and shareholders would surrender their shares to be given in return the shares of the new single entity. Prior to the integration, a proper due diligence must be conducted before negotiating and closing the deal.Mergers are governed by each state’s law.The board of directors of the companies and the shareholdersmust approve the merger of equal first before it is put into action.After the approval is given, acommunication ground should be established and an integration process should be taken to combine the two business units systems in one new system. First, a merger integration committee (MIC) should be formed. The responsibility of MIC is to arrange and organize the integration process and to prepare the proposal for shareholders’ considerations. MIC considered being the main player in executing the merger not to mention being the coordinator for a harmonic and smooth integration as well as a value added post-merger success. The MIC should have weekly meetings to solve any issues that are notgoing as scheduled. In the case of the merger of equals of Bank of NY Mellon, the largest security servicing firm, the integration committee dedicated a lot of efforts so it will not be surprised by any chance. It dealt with the business lines in two methods in which it hired representatives to help in executing and request detailed reporting in weekly basis. The vision and objectives of the merger should be served through selecting the best possible Integration plan and team.The value of the new organization can be created through th e ability of taking tough decisions, which occurred during the shift of the administration, the procedures the technologies, the system not to mention the culture to implement the new organization vision. Changes made usually include the leadership structure (executives and board members) as a redistribution of positions and authority is likely to occur. The integration plan includes integration of strategy, reporting, people, procedures and culture. The administration style is the one who design and create the culture and the behavior which is one major part of the due diligence taken prior to the merger. As change is a critical part for any organization, Integration efforts of systems and servicesfirst require evaluating the speed of change (whether it is radical or not). It is crucial to dedicate theneeded time to complete processes. Second, it is important to maintain the customer focus during the integration and not to neglect it. Moreover, a clear intensive communication must be insured from an early stage internally and externally. Internal communication can be established by maintaining optimism and positivity among each employee toward the new transformation that has been brought by the merger. 2. List the five key risks and related controls the newly merged company faced during the integrations phase. Please consider the strategy considered by management of both companies during the negotiations? Culture risk; Culture is the set of values, beliefs, behaviors, assumptions shared among employees of a certain entity.It is what effect and influences the actions of the people within the firm, explains attitudes and why people behave in a certain pattern. It is taken for granted for people from the insideas it

Implementation Managers Toolkit Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Implementation Managers Toolkit - Term Paper Example The checklist will explain the relevance of the communication process particularly on the part of the employees as the recipients (Prosci’s Communication Checklist 2006). Although this can be done in various ways, e.g., newsletter, memorandum, etc., a more effective way is by doing it face-to-face. Also, it should be a two-way process wherein the employees are given the chance to share its feedback and opinion. Resistance is a normal reaction from employees and this is also the best time that the sponsors of change must be present. Awareness on the roles and responsibilities of the sponsors, senior leaders, managers and supervisors are being determined through the use of sponsorship checklist (Prosci’s Sponsorship Checklist 2006). The checklist had also examined the degree of commitment and involvement of the project team in making changes successful. Before the new system or project is to be implemented, a data conversion plan is to be considered as one of the important steps for conversion process. The plan clearly defines the system or project as it outlines the process, approach, tools, assumptions, strategies and preparation as the prerequisite steps in the migration of data (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services 2010). Data are usually translated from one format to another or from an existing system to another hardware or software environment to determine the condition of the original system. A conversion plan is needed in an information system that uses data just like a total relocation of office management files. A well-thought-out plan that will be used during the conversion is very necessary because this kind of move is not something that is regularly done. Still, the overall discretion of the plan is on the hands of the project manager and the integrated project team because the items addressed in the plan are not detailed. Information system in the organization usually involves technology either

Merger Mellon Financial and Bank of New York Case Study

Merger Mellon Financial and Bank of New York - Case Study Example How the two companies deal with the purchase and how the purchase is being reported to the public is what differ one term from another. Acquisition is when a firm takeover another firm (the target), become the only owner and its stock would still be traded unlike the target company. On the other hand, â€Å"mergers of equal† is when two companies seek the benefit ofbecoming one single company and neither is acquiring the other. Usually both companies are about the same size and shareholders would surrender their shares to be given in return the shares of the new single entity. Prior to the integration, a proper due diligence must be conducted before negotiating and closing the deal.Mergers are governed by each state’s law.The board of directors of the companies and the shareholdersmust approve the merger of equal first before it is put into action.After the approval is given, acommunication ground should be established and an integration process should be taken to combine the two business units systems in one new system. First, a merger integration committee (MIC) should be formed. The responsibility of MIC is to arrange and organize the integration process and to prepare the proposal for shareholders’ considerations. MIC considered being the main player in executing the merger not to mention being the coordinator for a harmonic and smooth integration as well as a value added post-merger success. The MIC should have weekly meetings to solve any issues that are notgoing as scheduled. In the case of the merger of equals of Bank of NY Mellon, the largest security servicing firm, the integration committee dedicated a lot of efforts so it will not be surprised by any chance. It dealt with the business lines in two methods in which it hired representatives to help in executing and request detailed reporting in weekly basis. The vision and objectives of the merger should be served through selecting the best possible Integration plan and team.The value of the new organization can be created through th e ability of taking tough decisions, which occurred during the shift of the administration, the procedures the technologies, the system not to mention the culture to implement the new organization vision. Changes made usually include the leadership structure (executives and board members) as a redistribution of positions and authority is likely to occur. The integration plan includes integration of strategy, reporting, people, procedures and culture. The administration style is the one who design and create the culture and the behavior which is one major part of the due diligence taken prior to the merger. As change is a critical part for any organization, Integration efforts of systems and servicesfirst require evaluating the speed of change (whether it is radical or not). It is crucial to dedicate theneeded time to complete processes. Second, it is important to maintain the customer focus during the integration and not to neglect it. Moreover, a clear intensive communication must be insured from an early stage internally and externally. Internal communication can be established by maintaining optimism and positivity among each employee toward the new transformation that has been brought by the merger. 2. List the five key risks and related controls the newly merged company faced during the integrations phase. Please consider the strategy considered by management of both companies during the negotiations? Culture risk; Culture is the set of values, beliefs, behaviors, assumptions shared among employees of a certain entity.It is what effect and influences the actions of the people within the firm, explains attitudes and why people behave in a certain pattern. It is taken for granted for people from the insideas it

Analysis of the Odyssey book 11 Essay Example for Free

Analysis of the Odyssey book 11 Essay 1) Odysseus travels to the Underworld and makes the offerings according to Circes instructions and takes even more instructions from Teiresias on how to get home to Ithaca. 2) Many many of the dead wish to talk to Odysseus (especially his mother), and he needs to draw his sword to keep them away. 3) Odysseus becomes frightened and goes back to his ship immediately, and sails on to Ithaca. Two quotes: 1) â€Å"But you, Achilles,there’s not a man in the world more blest than you—there never has been, never will be one. Time was, when you were alive, we Argives honored you as a god, and now down here, I see,you lord it over the dead in all your power.So grieve no more at dying, great Achilles.† I reassured the ghost, but he broke out, protesting,â€Å"No winning words about death to me, shining Odysseus! By god, I’d rather slave on earth for another man—some dirt-poor tenant farmer who scrapes to keep alive—than rule down here over all the breathless dead.† I chose this quote because it shows a conversation in which each man thinks about life on the other side. They both seem to find that the other world is better than the one in which they inhabit. 2) Here Perimedes and Eurylochus held the victims, while I drew my sword and dug the trench a cubit each way. I made a drink-offering to all the dead, first with honey and milk, then with wine, and thirdly with water, and I sprinkled white barley meal over the whole, praying earnestly to the poor feckless ghosts, and promising them that when I got back to Ithaca I would sacrifice a barren heifer for them, the best I had, and would load the pyre with good things.† This quote shows both how precise Odysseus conducts this procedure and also how much he wishes this opportunity to work out. I can see how much he wants to be able to talk to Teiresias so he makes sure to do this offering entirely correct. Genuine Question: Why does Odysseus feel so frightened when he is at the Underworld? Odysseus could be frightened for many reasons. He could be afraid of being mobbed by the group that surround him in the Underworld. Odysseus could also be scared of any other things spoiling his chances of getting home to Ithaca.

The strategies adopted by given organizations

The strategies adopted by given organizations Any management strategy adopted by a given organization or enterprise is always aimed at producing practical results in tandem with the existing organizational goals and objectives (Galie and Bopst, 2006). Several management theories and practices have been in place since time immemorial and always undergo improvements and optimization in order to give best results. The criteria followed when selecting a given management approach is influenced by several factors such as resource availability, organizational structures, operational costs and efficiencies, types and levels of diversifications, socio-economic factors, political and cultural factors, human resource development, international relations, among others (Ma, 1999). The primary objective of this paper is to discuss the various management theories that have been in place since 1900 and the various factors that have influenced their evolution, and adoption in organizational management. For better understanding, a comparison of the organizational perspectives using the basic characteristics and properties of the mechanistic and the organic organizational designs shall be briefly highlighted in the paper. Management theories provide logical theoretical frameworks applicable in the administration and general management of organizations and business enterprises. These theories basically act as a springboard or foundations that help guide enterprises toward achieving their set goals and objectives (Weymes, 2004, 85). In most cases however, the scientific management approach has been used a model in the managerial elements of organizations. In this case, organizations and business enterprises carry out systematic analysis of this model and modify most of its characteristic aspects in order to suit specific managerial requirements (DuBrin, 2006). Precautionary measures are usually put in place to ensure the fundamentals of this management strategy are upheld at all times. For the last one century (period between 1900 and 2000), the management theory is said to assume a developmental and progressive nature that puts into consideration the emerging trends and needs (environmental and internal needs) of organizations through appropriate response and adaptation mechanisms. In this domain, there are several approaches namely the classical approach, the quantitative approach, the human resource approach, the systems perspectives, the contingency approach, and the information communication technology (ICT) approach. The Quantitative Approach In management, the quantitative approach revolves around maximum utilization of a group of techniques and methods to aid the decision making process. This approach is derived from the scientific model and is often referred to as operations research and/or management science. In operations research, several scientific and mathematical analytical tools are broadly applied in deriving optimal management solutions. Such quantitative tools include, but are not limited to linear programming, statistics, queuing theory, the game theory, network analysis, and decision trees. The managerial applications utilizing the quantitative approach include quality control, quality assurance and inventory control (DuBrin, 2006). The Classical Approach In management, the classical approach includes a general combination of both administrative and scientific management. In this regard, scientific management involves broad application of scientific techniques and approaches with the overall aim of boosting the productivity and general performance of individual workers in a given organization. Administrative management on the other hand revolves around appropriate use of best management practices in the structuring, reorganization and general management of the organization (DuBrin, 2006). The Human Resource Approach This model applies the psychological facet of human nature in organizational management. The approach puts more emphasis on people management through proper understanding of their mindsets and individual needs (Gomberg, 1985). Major characteristics of the human resource approach revolve around the Hawthorne effect which is basically the study of human behaviour in response to apparent attention from evaluators/auditors. Secondly, the human resource model utilizes various components of the McGregorà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Theories X and Y, particularly in regard to human nature with specific reference to responsibility and work (Murphy, 2003). Lastly, this approach incorporates the Maslowà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s hierarchy of needs, spreading out from the very basic wants to those intended for leisure and self-actualization. Manpower development approaches, organizational behaviour theories and human resource management are based on the fundamental principles of this theory. The Systems Perspective This approach creates an analogy between an organization and a system made up of several intertwined features and components (Murphy, 2003). There are several management theories applicable fro the systems perspective e.g. strategic management theories of collaborative and competitive advantage, the innovation and competence theory, the human resource management and organizational behaviour, the resource-based view i.e. the theory of competitive advantage, etc (DuBrin, 2006). The systems perspective is an imperative method since the interlinking and interaction of existing capabilities, systems and internal resources can be used to give a better explanation of the changing trends and responsive nature of organizations towards their surrounding environment (Murphy, 2003). The Contingency Approach This is a management tool that appreciates the fact that no single management tool can be regarded as the best practice to effectively manage people and work in every prevailing situation. Based on this perception, this approach encourages the management teams to fully analyse situational and individual differences before settling on a given approach or solution (DuBrin, 2006). The innovation and competence theory and the strategic management theories of collaborative and competitive advantage, coupled with the perspectives of industrial organization utilize the various elements of the contingency approach in optimization and in carrying out improvements. The contingency approach also puts into consideration the different organizational and environmental structures and needs that influence an organization, together with other factors such as resource availability and capabilities with respect to individual organizations (DuBrin, 2006). The ICT (Information Communications Technology) Approach This approach has been influenced by the technological advancements in the various fields of ICT, including the internet. The developments in this field have several positive impacts on the organisational behaviour and the general conduct of managers and workers. The management theories utilizing the ICT approach include the supply chain management (i.e. procurement, distribution, logistics inventory theories), the strategic management practices and knowledge technology management (Murphy, 2003). Basic Characteristics of Types of Organizational Design The table below summarizes the two extreme ends that can be applied in organizational design and management Table 1.1: Basic Properties of Types of Organizational Design (Source: Derived from, Murphy, 2003, pp. 14) Organizational Feature Organic Mechanistic Centres of Power/ Authority Few Many Division of Labour Low High Power Base Expertise/ Merit Position Interrelations within the organization Many Few Use of Strict Rules, Regulations and Procedures Low High Primary objective / purpose Responsiveness, Adaptability, Flexibility Efficiency Based on the above discussions, it can be deduced that several management approaches can be used when dealing with various situations. There is no way one single approach can fully satisfy all the needs and demands of the organization (Robbins, et al, 2006). Compromise and optimization of all the above approaches can be utilized in deriving the best management practice that is result oriented. In scenarios characterised by complex, uncertain, ambiguous and volatile conditions, it is quite in order to restructure organizations by adopting strategies that can best fit the challenges posed by the prevailing circumstances. Conclusion

Main Character of Book Siddhartha Essay -- Herman Hesse

Herman Hesse's, Siddhartha, is a story any person of any era, age, sex, or religion can relate to in some respect. It is about a young man wanting more out of life than most are comfortable with. He wants to find himself, find meaning to life, find enlightenment. To achieve his goal, he exposes himself to the extremities of self-denial and self-indulgence, objecting himself to a great ordeal to become a well-rounded individual and find his true self. Siddhartha begins his journey leaving his father, a religious leader, who has taught him the Brahmin way of life and expects his son to walk in his footsteps, "he envisioned him growing up to be a great wise man and priest, a prince among Brahmins" (Hesse 4). Siddhartha, however, wants more of a challenge in life. He and his best friend Govinda, which admires him very much and is like a "shadow" to him, set out to join an ascetic group called samanas. The samanas teach the two young men endurance and "to let the ego perish" (Hesse 13), among many other valuable life skills. Siddhartha, still unfulfilled, takes leave of the samanas with his friend. They go to hear the wisdom of a well known and respected teacher, Gotama. After hearing the Buddha speak, the two see that he is indeed enlightened, this inclines Govinda to join him and his followers. Siddhartha, however, feels that he needs more than another's account of how enlightenment is obtained, still unfulfilled, he surprises and d isappoints his friend when he chooses not to opt for the same path as him. He leaves his friend to continue his pursuit. Subsequently, Siddhartha passes paths with a beautiful prosperous courtesan who quickly takes a liking to him and helps him obtain an apprenticeship with a wealthy merchant, eventually... ...ut change, growing and becoming ?somebody?, and everyone goes through this. Hesse went through many changes throughout his own life, he too, seemed to have issues finding himself, he went through three marriages, attended various institutions (including a mental one), and changed careers often. He, as did Siddhartha in his book, attempted suicide. So, basically his own life?as with many authors?influenced his novel. But there are sure to be others that see a bit, or a lot, of this protagonist in them. Works Cited Hesse, Herman. Siddhartha. Trans. Susan Bernofsky. New York: Modern, 2006. Ziolkowski, Theodore. The Novels of Herman Hesse: A Study in Theme and Structure. New Jersey: Princeton, 1965. Wikipedia contributors. ?Herman Hesse?. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 26 March 2008. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Hesse&oddid=202834940.

Future Perfect :: essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites Many futurologists - professional (Toffler) and less so (Naisbitt) - tried their hand at predicting the future. They proved quite successful at predicting major trends but not as lucky in delineating their details. This is because, inevitably, every futurologist has to resort to crude tools such as extrapolation. The modern day versions of biblical prophets are much better informed - and this, precisely, seems to be the problem. The cluttered information obstructs the outlines of the philosophically and conceptually most important elements. The futurologist has to divine which - of a host - of changes which occur in his times and place ushers in a new era. Since the speed at which human societies change has radically accelerated - the futurologist's work has become more compounded and less certain. It is better to stick to truisms, however banal. True and tried is the key to successful (and, therefore, useful) predictions. What can we rely upon which is immutable and invariant, not dependent on cultural context, technological level, or geopolitical developments? Human nature, naturally. The introduction of human nature into the equation which should yield the prediction may further complicate it. Human nature is, arguably, the most complex thing in the universe. It is characteristically unpredictable and behaviourally stochastic. It is not the kind of paradigm conducive to clear-cut, unequivocal, unambiguous forecasts. This is why it is advisable to isolate two or three axes around which human nature - or its more explicit manifestations - revolves. These organizational principles must possess comprehensive explanatory powers, on the one hand - and exhibit some kind of synergy, on the other hand. I propose such a trio : Individuality, Collectivism and Time. Individuation is the Separation principle, the human yearning for uniqueness and idiosyncrasy, for distinction and self sufficiency, for independence and self expression. Collectivism is the human propensity to agglomerate, to stick together, to assemble, the herd instincts and the group behaviours. Time is the principle which connects both. It is the bridge linking individual and society. It is an epiphenomenon of society. In other words, it arises only when people assemble and can compare themselves to others. This is not Time in the physical sense, which is discernible through the relative positions and physical states of physical systems. Every human - alone as he may be - is bound to notice it.

Review of Related Literature on the Effect of Acid Using Vinegar as a Model on Mortality Rate of Freshwater Guppy Fishes Essay

Republic Act No. 9275 Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 is an Act providing for a comprehensive water quality management and for other purposes. In Section 2 of this Act, it states that the State shall pursue a policy of economic growth in a manner consistent with the protection, preservation and revival of the quality of our fresh, brackish and marine waters. The State wants to manage and reduce the population of water resources of the country by promoting environmental strategies and use of appropriate economic instruments. The State recognizes that water quality is in the same level of concern of the quality of life. This Act also wants to promote commercial and industrial processes and products that will not harm the environment, which includes the living organisms in different ecosystems. Related Literature According to the special report, Acid Precipitation of Gene Likens from Cornell University during 1976, the acidity of rain and snow falling on parts of the U.S. and Europe has been rising—for reasons that are still not entirely clear and with consequences that have yet to be well evaluated. Acid precipitation has a long-term effect especially on the living organisms in many lakes and streams which sometimes causes extinction. Related Studies On the study of Schindler during 1988, Effects of Acid Rain on Freshwater Ecosystems, it was stated that there is an increase in number of areas most likely to be affected by acid. The study presented the biological damage caused by the acid rain, which includes the disappearance mostly of small fishes that are considered as food for larger predators which might cause these predators to starve and might result for another disappearance of fishes. Justification of Study Articles and past studies show that acid rain has a negative effect on living organisms from different ecosystems including freshwater. It was also mentioned in the study of Schindler in 1988 that the small fishes are most affected by the acidity of their environment. This study wants to know how affected these small fishes are thus, determining the mortality rate of guppies in environments with different levels of acidity

Supervise Children and Young People on Journeys

Supervise children and young people on Journeys, visits and activities outside of the setting 1 . Understand the policy and procedures for supervising children and young people on Journeys, visits and activities outside of the setting. There are various organisational and legal requirements for supervising children on journeys, visits and activities outside of the school setting. These include policies and procedures which should be carried out by the school including risk assessments of areas that will be visited (New2teaching, 2013).Risks assessments will identify any hazards and/or dangers and who might be armed and how this may happen, allow the risks to be evaluated and check if the precautions are sufficient. They also allow staff to record their findings and review and revise assessments if necessary. Prior to the trip, the school will have to inform parents or guardians of all the necessary details in good time and obtain their consent for their child to go on the school trip . This should be in writing and include at least the location, date and time of departure and arrival, purpose, price and what is required on the trip by the children.The school should have other necessary information of each child going on the trip, ncluding dietary information, allergies, any other medical conditions and also if they suffer from travel sickness. Also, the school should ensure that there is a suitable adult-child ratio and that all Moreover, there must be sufficient insurance cover for all participants of the trip as well as accidents and emergency policies and procedures, which should be in place for off-site visits. There should be a budget in place for the school trip, including expenditure and contingency costs and all money should be accounted.A record should be made showing all payments made by pupils and receipts should be issued to each of hem. It is important that children, young people and adults have complete and accurate information about travel arrange ments in good time. This is to ensure that everyone arrives on time, prepared with any necessary resources. This is to avoid delay of departure or even not going on the visit if there is something missing or another difficult situation arises where someone or all of those who are involved may not be able to go on the trip as planned.It is necessary to ensure that vehicles used on trips are in good condition and safe for all passengers (New2teaching, 2013). Also, if the Journey is long, then it will be necessary to make sure there are snacks and check that there is a toilet on the coach or the relevant transport. If this is not possible then there should be an arranged stop for toilet breaks. It should be checked that drivers are competent and have the correct licence and if necessary whether to have more than one driver in case of fatigue.The preparations which need to be made by all those going on Journeys, visits and off-site activities would be to ensure that all individuals have appropriate clothing and sufficient food and drink should be taken where necessary. There should be a list of all those attending the visit and registers made for supervisors in order to account for all children on the trip. There should be someone who is in charge of funds in case of an emergency or break down of vehicle during a trip. should be ensured that there is a first aider on the trip, along with a first aid box.Also, at least one member of the group should carry a mobile phone with them in case of emergency and they should have emergency contact numbers. There should also be a point of contact belonging to the area visited on the school trip and the staff ember should be familiar of this. In case someone on the trip goes missing, staff should be aware of where to go in the area visited and should be made aware of the procedures. Any medication, for example, inhalers should be taken for those who may fall ill during the visit.In the case of late departure and arrival, the school should be informed by the relevant staff on the trip and parents should be notified for security reasons. The following is an account of the Oakwood Primary School trip for Nursery and Reception class to Gulliver's Land, in Milton Keynes, which took place on 27th June 013. Prior to the trip, I made sure what time I had to be in school for and what time the bus would be leaving. This was well after my normal start time for work so I didn't need to leave the house any earlier. As the Journey was about 45 minutes, it was a direct route.Therefore, no stops were needed. All staff that were attending were given a list with the names of the group of children for which they would be responsible. It was made sure that there were no more than 6 children in each group. My group was a group of 6 from the Reception class. The bus was due to leave at gam. As soon as the children arrived at 8. 30am and ushered into the class, they were settled down and the register was taken, ensuring all t he children that were going on the trip were present. Before departing, we bag and that it was labelled with their name.We also asked the children if they needed to go to the toilet so nobody needed to go during the Journey. The children were told to stay with their group at all times and were put into pairs. We then went to board the bus. I sat at the front of the bus and helped the children near me to put on their seatbelts. All of their packed lunches were placed at the front f the bus, in the designated area for luggage. The register was taken by the Early Years Manager and a headcount was carried out. I ensured all the children in my group were present.During the Journey, I made sure the children did not remove their seatbelts or move out of their seat. Some of the children had accessories like hats and sunglasses, so I told them to look after them. There were no issues during the Journey and the children were fine on the bus. When we arrived, the children were told to get thei r belongings and the bus was checked thoroughly to prevent anything being left ehind. The children were told to get into their groups and reminded of which staff member they would have to stay with throughout the trip.The register was taken to check that all the children were off the bus. I made my group stay in their pairs, hold hands with each other and to stay with me at all times. We arrived in good time, Just before the park opened. This ensured we had as much time as possible in the park. We were all given a map and details of attractions that were available throughout the day. When the park was open, we were allowed in and it was snack time for the children. So we went to a sheltered bench area and sat the children down and made sure they had their fruit or other snack. I made sure my group was sat down and in my sight.When they had finished their snack, I told them to throw their waste in the bins provided by the bench area and not litter the ground. They were told to give t heir pack lunches to their group leader and any belongings they did not require until later. These were all placed in secure lockers, which were next to the bench area. We were told to meet up again at this area at lunch time. We then decided to stay with other group and go on the same rides, so any children ho did not want to go on a particular ride could be supervised by another adult, while another group leader went on the ride with the rest of the children.The rides on which I escorted the children, I ensured they were sat securely, making sure any safety harnesses were attached and that they held on to the bars provided, so that they were comfortable. When it was almost time for lunch, we made our way back to the lunch area and gave into their carrier bag and put back in the locker, along with any other belongings. Occasionally the children some of the children would try to leave their partner or the roup as they were drawn to an attraction or something else and I was constantl y reminding them to stay together and not wander off.After going on a ride, one child in my group was not feeling well because the ride was a shock for her. We made sure she did not go on anymore rides that would not be appropriate and made her for a while until she felt better to go on other rides. In between rides, some children need to go to the toilet, so I accompanied them and left the other children in my group with another staff member. I counted how many children were with me and when they were finished, I ensured the same number of hildren came out of the toilet.It was nearing the time of departure from the park and we were waiting to get on a ride. My group was waiting with another group. We wanted the children to ride but we knew that there was a shortage of time. The other group leader made a call to the Early Years Manager to see if we would be able to go on the ride and she said that we did not have enough time. Therefore, we had to leave the waiting area for the ride and gather our groups. I went with the Early Years Manager to get the bags from the lockers, after leaving my roup supervised with another staff member.After we retrieved the bags and checked there was nothing left, we tended to our groups and ensured every child was there. When we exited the park, the children were in their pairs and we boarded the bus. The register was taken again and the headcount was repeated. On the way back a child sitting in front of me fell asleep, so I put her head in a comfortable position for her. When we reached school, I gently woke her before we got off the bus. As we got off the bus, we checked detached the children's seatbelt for hem and ensured that they were getting off safely and not leaving anything behind.